The Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Ratio (NHHR) and Its Association With Occurrence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- This is an observational study: the protocol does not assign a study treatment.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Diabetic Nephropathy, Dyslipidemia. Basic parameters: 18 years — 80 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
Unsure about the terms? Read our patient guide →
Overview
The study aims to examine the relationship between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and CKD in patients with DM.
Detailed description
The study will include adult participants recruited from outpatient clinics and inpatient departments. Participants will be classified into the following groups:
1. Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Nephropathy (DM group) :
Patients with diabetes mellitus who have no evidence of diabetic nephropathy will be defined by a normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and preserved renal function. 2. Diabetic Nephropathy group (DN group) :
Patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy will be defined by the presence of elevated UACR and/or impaired renal function as assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Subgroup Analysis :
Within the diabetic nephropathy group, further subgroup analyses will be performed to assess differences in NHHR according to:
Type of diabetes (Type 1 vs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus) Stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are classified based on KDIGO definitions of CKD based on estimated GFR and albuminuria.
Type of the study: Comparative cross-sectional study
Primary outcome measures
- Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and the presence of diabetic nephropathy. [Time frame: At baseline]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Adults aged ≥18 years
- Diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2), with or without diabetic nephropathy
- Willingness to participate and provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
- Known non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease
- Acute kidney injury
- Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases
- Current use of medications known to significantly alter lipid metabolism (other than standard lipid-lowering therapy, if applicable)
- End-stage renal disease patients on dialysis
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: No
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
Study locations
Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
Publications
- Zhang L, Fan D, Zhu T, Geng L, Gan L, Ou S, Yin D. The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with diabetic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 27;19(11):e0311620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311620. eCollection 2024. PMID 39602386
- Tan MY, Weng L, Yang ZH, Zhu SX, Wu S, Su JH. The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus: recent findings from NHANES 2007-2018. Lipids Health Dis. 2024 May 21;23(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02143-8. PMID 38773578
- Su X, Rao H, Zhao C, Wu J, Zhang X, Li D. Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality among hypertension patients. Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 19;15(1):6012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88539-7. PMID 39972003
- Pan X, Lin X, Huang X, Xu J, Ye L, Zhang T, Hu S, Jiang H, Ren Y, Shan PF. The Burden of Diabetes-Related Chronic Kidney Disease in China From 1990 to 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 15;13:892860. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892860. eCollection 2022. PMID 35784566
- Lokpo SY, Laryea R, Osei-Yeboah J, Owiredu WKBA, Ephraim RKD, Adejumo EN, Ametepe S, Appiah M, Peter N, Affrim P, Kwadzokpui PK, Abeka OK. The pattern of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with elevated levels of non-HDL-cholesterol among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ho municipality: A cross sectional study. Heliyon. 2022 Aug 17;8(8):e10279. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10279. e PMID 36046539
- Liu C, Dhindsa D, Almuwaqqat Z, Ko YA, Mehta A, Alkhoder AA, Alras Z, Desai SR, Patel KJ, Hooda A, Wehbe M, Sperling LS, Sun YV, Quyyumi AA. Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations. JAMA Cardiol. 2022 Jul 1;7(7):672-680. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0912. PMID 35583863
- Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J; CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 5;150(9):604-12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006. PMID 19414839
- ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Supple 1):S10-S PMID 36507639
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07476248 · NHHR in Diabetic nephropathy