Multilevel Intervention for LDCT Lung Cancer Screening and Smoking Cessation Among African Americans

African Americans have both the highest incidence and mortality of lung cancer compared to any other racial/ethnic group. A possible explanation for this disparity is that African Americans (AA) may be less likely to utilize preventative screenings such as Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), which has the potential to encourage smokers to quit smoking successfully. In 2021, the USPSTF expanded their lung cancer screening (LCS) recommendations to include individuals ages 50-80 years with at least a 20 pack-year history, increasing the number of eligible U.S. adults. While the expanded criteria are expected to increase the number of high-risk individuals eligible for screening and reduce lung cancer mortality, the impact on racial and ethnic minorities, including African Americans, has shown mixed findings. This is problematic as previous research has found that African Americans may have different quit behaviors than whites. While use of LCS as a teachable moment for tobacco cessation is important, currently, there is no well- integrated, comprehensive, culturally relevant community-engaged, sustainable program. Still, it is not clear whether the synergy effect of smoking cessation and LDCT LCS intervention was observed in both quitting behaviors and LDCT uptake among African-American smokers. To address this urgent public health concern, this study aims to reduce disparities and the burden of lung cancer among AA smokers by supporting a Multiple-level intervention integrating lung cancer screening and smoking cessation(MILS), followed the NIH DEIA strategies using multilevel interventions that impact determinants of health and address health disparities at appropriate time points across the life course. Aim 1) Investigate smokers' and providers' attitudes, knowledge, and experiences with the expanded 2021 USPSTF LCS recommendations. Aim 2) Compare the effectiveness of a MILS vs. usual care on the biochemically-validated 7-day point-prevalence tobacco abstinence rates, LDCT uptake, nicotine dependence and stage of change was assessed. Aim 3) Explore barriers and facilitators that influence primary outcomes at the community, provider, and individual levels for the improvement of a multilevel intervention. To date, no study has evaluated the synergy effect of smoking cessation intervention and LDCT LCS in AA populations with multilevel strategies. We will move the field forward by providing effective, scalable interventions to improve both smoking cessation and LDCT lung cancer screening adherence to reduce health disparities promised by large clinical trials that motivated screening guidelines. The results of the study will directly guide the development of targeted strategies to improve lung cancer screening rates among minorities.

• Lung Cancer Screening (LDCT) Uptake [Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, 6 months]
• Intent to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening [Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, 6 months]