PRONTO Trial (PRophylactic Versus ON-demand Use of TOcilizumab)

Official title

Prospective Comparison Between Prophylactic and On-demand Use of Tocilizumab in CAR-T Recipients - a Randomized, Two Arm, Open-label, Single-center Trial

Overview

Despite the consequent use of Tocilizumab together with conventional antipyretics at early/first signs of emerging CRS, CRS (and eventually the subsequent development of ICANS) remain a major concern for patients. This study aims to identify safety and efficacy of prophylactic Tocilizumab treatment. In particular, to explore whether prophylactic Tocilizumab treatment can decrease the incidence and severity of CRS (and subsequent eventual neurotoxicity) following CAR-T-treatment.

Detailed description

Adoptive immunotherapy with CD19 (cluster of differentiation antigen 19) targeting chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR-)T cells is an effective therapeutic strategy against relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies, including B-cell lymphomas, B-ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and myeloma. Currently, up to 50 commercial CAR-T-cell treatments are performed annually at the Inselspital in Bern, making it by far the largest center for CAR-T cell treatment in Switzerland.

CAR-T treatment is associated with well-described acute adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, termed immune effector cell associated neurologic syndrome (ICANS). CRS (at all grades) occurs in between 42 to 93% of all patients with variations among available products, and ICANS can occur (at all grades) in 21% up to 64%.

Acute complications of CAR-T cell therapy are the result of rapid CAR-T cell expansion and of a hyper-inflammatory state related to cell activation. Interleukin (IL-6) is a central mediator of cytokine-responses in CRS and ICANS together with other cytokines and chemokines involved. IL-6 interacts with its receptor (IL-6R) in either membrane-bound form, leading to "classic" IL-6 signaling after interacting with GP130, or soluble in plasma, where the IL-6 / IL-6R complex interacts with GP130 expressing cells in "trans" IL-6 signaling.

Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds the IL-6R in both its soluble and membrane-bound forms. Tocilizumab treatment has become the standard of care for patients presenting with CRS (at all grades), together with antipyretic treatment (grades 1 or 2 at the regular ward) or with vasoactive and/or ventilation support at the intensive care unit (grades 3 and 4).

The study aims to assess the incidence of CRS of all grades, as well as the incidence of ICANS of all grades, the duration of hospitalisation and the need of platelet and erythrocyte transfusion within the first three months after CAR-T treatment in patients receiving prophylactic Tocilizumab compared to patients receiving on-demand Tocilizumab.

Interventions

• Drug Tocilizumab before CAR-T cell infusion
  Tocilizumab will be given at the standard-dose of 8 mg/kg b.w. intravenously, with completion of the infusion 1 hour prior to infusion of CAR-T cells. Treatment of eventual subsequent CRS/ICANS will be identical as in patients in the standard arm.
• Drug Tocilizumab at emerging CRS
  Tocilizumab will be given at the standard-dose of 8 mg/kg b.w. intravenously, and it will be repeated after 8 hours for a maximum of four administrations in patients with ongoing signs of CRS.

Primary outcome measures

• Incidence of CRS of all grades [Time frame: 30 days]

Secondary outcome measures (10)

• Incidence of ICANS of all grades [Time frame: 30 days]
• Hospitalization duration [Time frame: 30 days]
• Erythrocyte transfusion needs [Time frame: 90 days]
• Platelet transfusion needs [Time frame: 90 days]
• Incidence of admissions to the intensive care unit [Time frame: 30 days]
• Incidence of infections [Time frame: 90 days]
• Overall survival rates [Time frame: 180 days]
• Progression-free survival rates [Time frame: 180 days]
• IL-6 to monitor CRS [Time frame: 180 days]
• Peripheral molecular CAR-T levels [Time frame: 180 days]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Patients planned to receive commercial CAR-T treatment for all registered indications comprising lymphomas, leukemias or myeloma at a single academic center (Bern Inselspital)
• With written informed consent
• Considered by the investigator to be clinically fit for this treatment
• Patients aged ≥18 years

Exclusion criteria

• Previous Tocilizumab treatment within 3 months prior to CAR-T infusion
• Patients with treatment with an investigational compound within 8 weeks prior to CAR-T infusion
• Women who are pregnant or breast feeding, or women intending to become pregnant during the study period; or participants lacking safe contraception, defined as: Female participants of childbearing potential, not using and not willing to continue using a medically reliable method of contraception for the entire study duration, such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices, or who are not using any other method considered sufficiently reliable by the investigator in individual cases during study treatment and for a total of 12 months; Female participants who are surgically sterilised / hysterectomised or post-menopausal for longer than 2 years are not considered as being of child bearing potential.
• Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant
• Previous enrolment into the current study
• Enrolment of the investigator, his/her family members, employees and other dependent persons

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

Switzerland · 1 center

• Insel Gruppe AG — Bern

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06430736 · PRONTO

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗