Reducing Empiric VAncomycin Use in Pediatric Suspected Sepsis

Official title

Reducing Empiric VAncomycin Use in Pediatric Suspected Sepsis (REVAMP-Sepsis)

Overview

The goal of this quasi-experimental interventional study is to determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted stewardship intervention in reducing overall vancomycin use in five tertiary care Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). There are two groups of subjects in this study: PICU clinicians/sepsis stakeholders and patients admitted to one of the participating PICUs during the study period. The intervention will at a minimum include: * Implementation of a clinical guideline indicating when vancomycin should and should not be used * Unit-level feedback on overall vancomycin use within and across centers * Clinician education.

Detailed description

Vancomycin is among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in United States children's hospitals, and inappropriate use of vancomycin is common. Given the high prevalence of acute kidney injury associated with vancomycin of up to 25%, reducing vancomycin overuse is a key opportunity to reduce preventable patient harm.

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted stewardship intervention in reducing overall vancomycin use in five tertiary care PICUs. This intervention will be informed by baseline data surrounding vancomycin use and infections due to organisms requiring vancomycin therapy which will allow selective use of vancomycin, as well as a concurrent mixed methods process and formative evaluation to inform implementation of the intervention.

During the baseline period, Electronic Health Record (EHR) data will be used to retrospectively quantify unit-level vancomycin use over 24 months (measured as vancomycin days of therapy \[DOT\]/1000 patient days), as well as the frequency of vancomycin use and prevalence of infections due to organisms requiring vancomycin therapy among patients with suspected and confirmed sepsis.

During the post-intervention period, which will last approximately 24 months, a multifaceted stewardship intervention to reduce vancomycin use informed by these baseline data, including:

* The creation of a consensus guideline for vancomycin use; * Ad hoc education related to vancomycin overuse, and; * Unit-level feedback on vancomycin prescribing. The feedback on vancomycin use will be provided to clinicians at each site, both within their site (to compare to past performance) and across sites (to compare local performance to the performance of other sites).

This intervention will be locally adapted by the investigative team and sepsis stakeholders at each site. Data from the EHR will be used to assess vancomycin use (DOT/1000 patient days), as well as the secondary outcomes. Investigators will perform semi-structured interviews and repeat surveys 9 months after the implementation of the intervention. This mixed-methods process and formative evaluation will help investigators understand which elements of implementation were successful and which were not.

Interventions

• Behavioral Multifaceted de-implementation strategy to reduce vancomycin overuse
  * Clinical guidelines and group-level feedback on vancomycin use will be provided to clinicians/sepsis stakeholders at each site. * The semi-structured interviews will be performed by a trained member of the research team, under the supervision of a medical sociologist who is one of the co-investigators. A semi-structured interview guide will be used during the interviews. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed, then uploaded to a qualitative analysis software for management and coding. Nam

Primary outcome measures

• Change in vancomycin use [Time frame: Baseline to 5 years]

Secondary outcome measures (9)

• Change in rate of suspected and confirmed sepsis episodes per 1000 PICU patient days. [Time frame: Baseline to 5 years]
• PICU all-cause mortality [Time frame: Up to 3 years]
• PICU length of stay [Time frame: Up to 3 years]
• Hospital length of stay [Time frame: Up to 3 years]
• 30-day PICU readmission [Time frame: Within 30 days of discharge from a PICU admission]
• 30-day hospital readmission [Time frame: Within 30 days of discharge from a hospital admission]
• Use of other broad-spectrum antibiotics [Time frame: Up to 5 years]
• Use of other anti-MRSA antibiotics [Time frame: Up to 5 years]
• Prevalence of infections due to organisms requiring vancomycin [Time frame: Up to 5 years]

Eligibility criteria

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

• Admitted to one of the participating PICUs during the study period

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

• None

Clinician Inclusion Criteria:

• PICU prescribing clinician (including attending physicians, fellows, residents, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) OR sepsis stakeholder (leader of sepsis quality improvement work, medical director) at one of the participating sites at the time the survey is deployed
• Age ≥ 18 years old
• Employed by one of the participating sites

Clinician Exclusion Criteria:

• Volunteers or other non-employee hospital staff
• Limited English proficiency

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Non-randomized

Model

Single group

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Other

Study locations

United States · 4 centers

• Children's Healthcare of Atlanta — Atlanta
• Johns Hopkins Children's Center — Baltimore
• St. Louis Children's Hospital — St Louis
• Children's Hospital of Philadelphia — Philadelphia

Publications

• Kissoon N, Reinhart K, Daniels R, Machado MFR, Schachter RD, Finfer S. Sepsis in Children: Global Implications of the World Health Assembly Resolution on Sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017 Dec;18(12):e625-e627. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001340. PMID 28914721
• Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Moller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, N PMID 32032273
• Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, Rubenfeld GD, Angus DC, Annane D, Beale RJ, Bellinghan GJ, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith C, De Backer DP, French CJ, Fujishima S, Gerlach H, Hidalgo JL, Hollenberg SM, Jones AE, Karnad DR, Kleinpell RM, Koh Y, Lisboa TC, Machado FR, Marini JJ, Marshall JC, Mazuski JE, Mc PMID 28098591
• Tamma PD, Avdic E, Li DX, Dzintars K, Cosgrove SE. Association of Adverse Events With Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized Patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Sep 1;177(9):1308-1315. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.1938. PMID 28604925
• Same RG, Hsu AJ, Cosgrove SE, Klein EY, Amoah J, Hersh AL, Kronman MP, Tamma PD. Antibiotic-Associated Adverse Events in Hospitalized Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 May 28;10(5):622-628. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa173. PMID 33452808
• Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, Dekkers OM, Kuijper EJ. Time interval of increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection after exposure to antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Mar;67(3):742-8. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr508. Epub 2011 Dec 6. PMID 22146873
• Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, Goossens H, Pringle M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jan 9;14:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-13. PMID 24405683
• Lovegrove MC, Geller AI, Fleming-Dutra KE, Shehab N, Sapiano MRP, Budnitz DS. US Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Drug Events From Antibiotics in Children, 2011-2015. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019 Nov 6;8(5):384-391. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy066. PMID 30137509

Identifiers

NCT: NCT05975671 · 21-019410 · U54CK000610-02-00 · U54CK000610

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗