Immune Profile Selection By Fraction of ctDNA in Patients With Advanced NSCLC Treated With Immunotherapy

Official title

A Multicenter Phase II Randomized Trial Of Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Guided By Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Molecular Response On Patients With Metastatic NSCLC

Overview

This clinical trial plans to assess to what extent the on-treatment circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can predict the subset of patients with NSCLC who will respond to immunotherapy treatment only and which patients will need both immunotherapy and chemotherapy modalities for their treatment regimen.

Detailed description

Subjects will be randomized 2:1 and patients in both arms will begin treatment with nivolumab 360 mg intravenously every 3 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks. At five weeks of treatment, subjects will have ctDNA response evaluation with Guardant360 Response assay. At the next cycle of treatment (+/- 2 days), patients in the larger arm will receive treatment based on the Guardant360 Response assay results, as described below. Subjects will undergo ctDNA evaluation with Guardant360 Response assay 6- week post-randomization and at the time of progression. Response to therapy will be assessed by interval imaging with CT scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis (and MRI brain if applicable) with response evaluated by irRECIST criteria every 12 weeks until disease progression.

Interventions

• Drug Nivolumab
  Immunotherapy
• Drug Ipilimumab
  Immunotherapy
• Drug Carboplatin
  Chemotherapy
• Drug Paclitaxel
  Chemotherapy
• Drug Pemetrexed
  Chemotherapy

Primary outcome measures

• Progression Free Survival (PFS) [Time frame: Time from randomization to objective disease progression, or death from any cause, whichever first, up to 36 months]

Secondary outcome measures (5)

• Progression Free Survival on Subsequent line of therapy (PFS2) [Time frame: Duration of time from randomization to second objective disease progression, or death from any cause, whichever first, up to 36 months]
• Overall Survival [Time frame: Duration of time from first treatment to time of death, up to 36 months]
• Objective Response Rate [Time frame: Duration of time between the date of first treatment and the date of objectively documented progression per irRECIST or the date of initiation of palliative local therapy or the date of subsequent anti-cancer therapy, whichever occurs first, up to 36 mo]
• Duration of Response [Time frame: Duration of time between the date of first confirmed response to the date of the first documented tumor progression (per irRECIST), or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first, up to 36 months]
• Safety and Tolerability [Time frame: All analyses will be conducted using the 30-day safety window]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Eligible patients will have newly diagnosed, previously untreated histologically documented Stage IV NSCLC
• Eligible patients will be required to have positive PD-L1 expression ≥1% by IHC using Dako 22C3 assay.
• Patients will require a baseline Guardant360 CDx test prior to enrollment
• Patients willing to undergo serial ctDNA testing as required by protocol
• Patients will be over the age of 18
• Life expectancy ≥12 weeks
• Measurable (RECIST 1.1) indicator lesion not previously irradiated, with measurable disease determined per the treating investigator.
• Prior palliative radiotherapy to non-CNS lesions must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to randomization
• ECOG Performance Score ≤2
• Adequate organ function
• Hemoglobin > 9 g/dL
• Platelets > 100,000mm3 or 100 x 109/L
• AST, ALT < 2.5 x ULN with no liver metastases or < 5x ULN with the presence of liver metastases
• Total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN if no liver metastases or < 3 x ULN in the presence of documented Gilbert's Syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) or liver metastases
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1500 cells/mm3
• Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN OR calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 60ml/min calculated by Cockcroft and Gault's equation
• Willing to use highly effective contraceptive measures if child-bearing potential or if the patient's sexual partner is a woman of childbearing potential: a. Female subjects should be using a highly effective contraceptive measures, and must have a negative pregnancy test and not be breast-feeding prior to starting of dosing if of child-bearing potential or must have evidence of non-child-bearing potential by fulfilling one of the following criteria at screening: i. Post-menopausal is defined as aged more than 50 years and amenorrheic for at least 12 months following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments ii. Women under 50 years old would be considered postmenopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and with LH and FSH levels in the the post-menopausal range for the institution iii. Documentation of irreversible surgical sterilization by hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or bilateral salpingectomy but not a tubal ligation b. Male subjects should be willing to use barrier contraception

Exclusion criteria

• Patients under the age of 18
• Inability to provide informed consent by either the patient or the authorized representative
• Patients with known EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, and RET oncogenic driver alterations that have approved first-line targeted therapies are excluded from the study (All patients must have a tissue or blood-based testing to identify these driver alterations)
• Patients with no detectable ctDNA or ctDNA VAF ≤ 0.3% on Guardant360 CDx at baseline
• Subjects with untreated CNS metastases are excluded.
• Subjects are eligible if CNS metastases are adequately treated and subjects are neurologically returned to baseline (except for residual signs or symptoms related to the CNS treatment) for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization. In addition, subjects must be either off corticosteroids, or on a stable or decreasing dose of 10 mg daily prednisone (or equivalent) for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization.
• Subjects with carcinomatous meningitis
• Subjects must have recovered from the effects of major surgery or significant traumatic injury at least 14 days before randomization
• Subjects with previous malignancies (except non-melanoma skin cancers, and in situ cancers such as the following: bladder, gastric, colon, cervical/dysplasia, melanoma, or breast) are excluded unless a complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to randomization and no additional therapy is required or anticipated to be needed during the study period.
• Other active malignancy requiring concurrent intervention.
• Subjects with an active, known, or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism only require hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll.
• Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of randomization. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroids > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.
• Subjects with interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity.
• Significant uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, including but not limited to, any of the following:

• Uncontrolled hypertension, which is defined as systolic blood pressure > 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg despite optimal medical management.
• Active coronary artery disease, including unstable all newly diagnosed angina within 3 months of study enrollment.
• Myocardial infarction in the past 6 months.
• History of congenital long QT syndrome.
• History of clinically significant arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or torsade de pointes.
• Uncontrolled heart failure, defined as class III of 4 by the New York Heart Association functional classification.
• History of a current diagnosis of myocarditis.
• the Known medical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, would increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration or interfere with the interpretation of safety results.
• Any positive test for hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus indicating acute or chronic infection
• Subjects with Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy
• Life expectancy <12 weeks

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

United States · 3 centers

• Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University — Washington D.C.
• John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack Meridian Health — Hackensack
• Jersey Shore University Medical Center — Neptune City

Publications

• Goldberg SB, Narayan A, Kole AJ, Decker RH, Teysir J, Carriero NJ, Lee A, Nemati R, Nath SK, Mane SM, Deng Y, Sukumar N, Zelterman D, Boffa DJ, Politi K, Gettinger SN, Wilson LD, Herbst RS, Patel AA. Early Assessment of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Response via Circulating Tumor DNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Apr 15;24(8):1872-1880. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-1341. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PMID 29330207
• Hellmann MD, Nabet BY, Rizvi H, Chaudhuri AA, Wells DK, Dunphy MPS, Chabon JJ, Liu CL, Hui AB, Arbour KC, Luo J, Preeshagul IR, Moding EJ, Almanza D, Bonilla RF, Sauter JL, Choi H, Tenet M, Abu-Akeel M, Plodkowski AJ, Perez Johnston R, Yoo CH, Ko RB, Stehr H, Gojenola L, Wakelee HA, Padda SK, Neal JW, Chaft JE, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Merghoub T, Li BT, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M. Circulating Tumor DNA Analy PMID 32046999
• Guibert N, Jones G, Beeler JF, Plagnol V, Morris C, Mourlanette J, Delaunay M, Keller L, Rouquette I, Favre G, Pradines A, Mazieres J. Targeted sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA to predict response to PD1 inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2019 Nov;137:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.09.005. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID 31518912
• Herbreteau G, Langlais A, Greillier L, Audigier-Valette C, Uwer L, Hureaux J, Moro-Sibilot D, Guisier F, Carmier D, Madelaine J, Otto J, Souquet PJ, Gounant V, Merle P, Molinier O, Renault A, Rabeau A, Morin F, Denis MG, Pujol JL. Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Determinant in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Atezolizumab. J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 27;9(12):3861. doi: 10.3390/jcm9123861. PMID 33261056
• Ricciuti B, Jones G, Severgnini M, Alessi JV, Recondo G, Lawrence M, Forshew T, Lydon C, Nishino M, Cheng M, Awad M. Early plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) changes predict response to first-line pembrolizumab-based therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Mar;9(3):e001504. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001504. PMID 33771889
• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. Epub 2018 Sep 12. PMID 30207593
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 Jan;71(1):7-33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21654. Epub 2021 Jan 12. PMID 33433946
• Howlader N, Forjaz G, Mooradian MJ, Meza R, Kong CY, Cronin KA, Mariotto AB, Lowy DR, Feuer EJ. The Effect of Advances in Lung-Cancer Treatment on Population Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):640-649. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1916623. PMID 32786189

Identifiers

NCT: NCT05715229 · Pro2022-0016

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗