Targeting Pediatric Brain Tumors and Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors With Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)

Overview

This is a pilot phase Ib study of the safety of dapagliflozin (in addition to standard of care treatment) for the treatment of pediatric patients with recurrent brain tumors and relapsed/refractory solid tumors. The primary hypothesis is that dapagliflozin is well-tolerated and safe to use in this patient population. The investigators also hypothesize that dapagliflozin will be efficacious as an adjunct to front-line chemotherapy assessed by decreased tumor markers mediated by its pleiotropic metabolic effects.

Interventions

• Drug Dapagliflozin
  Commercially available
• Drug Carmustine
  Standard of care
• Drug Topotecan
  Standard of care
• Drug Cyclophosphamide
  Standard of care

Primary outcome measures

• Number and type of adverse events experienced by participants [Time frame: From start of treatment through 30 days after last day of dapagliflozin treatment (estimated to be 4 months)]

Secondary outcome measures (8)

• Change in blood glucose [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Change in ketones [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Change in HbA1c [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Changes in fructosamine [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Changes in c-peptide [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Changes in glucagon [Time frame: From baseline through end of treatment (estimated to be 3 months)]
• Imaging-guided tumor response assessment [Time frame: From pre-therapy to post-12 weeks of therapy]
• Tumor response rate as measured by number of participants with complete response or partial response [Time frame: From pre-therapy to post-12 weeks of therapy]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of a recurrent primary brain tumor with no curative therapy available OR diagnosis of relapsed/refractory solid tumor with no curative option and has trialed past a second line of therapy.
• Measurable disease per the following:

• For patients with brain tumors: measurable disease pediatric Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria (RANO) criteria
• For patients with solid tumors: measurable disease using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST 1.1). Includes patients with diagnoses of relapsed or refractory sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and Wilms tumor. Other rare solid tumors can be discussed with study chair.
• Life expectancy > 12 weeks.
• Prior treatment with radiation alone, chemotherapy alone or combined radiation and chemotherapy is allowed.
• Patient is between 6 and 29 years old (inclusive)
• Patient is capable of swallowing whole pills
• Normal bone marrow and organ function as defined below:

• Leukocytes ≥ 3,000/mcL
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mcl
• Platelets ≥ 100,000/mcl
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x IULN
• AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) ≤ 3.0 x IULN
• Creatinine ≤ IULN OR creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal
• Normal room air oxygenation must be documented. If room air oxygen saturation is less than 97%, a diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) of greater than 80%, must be demonstrated.
• Karnofsky or Lansky performance score of ≥ 60
• Patients of childbearing potential and their partners must agree to use two forms of acceptable contraception (including one barrier method) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a female patient or partner of a male patient become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she must inform her treating physician immediately.
• Ability to understand and willingness to sign an IRB approved written informed consent document. Legally authorized representatives may sign and give informed consent on behalf of study participants. All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign an IRB approved written informed consent document.

Exclusion criteria

• Current or previous treatment with SGLT2i or thiazolidinedione.
• Current use of high dose dexamethasone (exceeding 4 mg/day). Seven days prior to start of dapagliflozin, patients receiving dexamethasone must be on a stable or decreasing dose (≤ 0.1 mg/kg/day or maximum 4 mg/day). Note that it is preferred that patients not be on dexamethasone during the study.
• A history of other malignancy with the exceptions of malignancies for which all treatment was completed at least 2 years before registration with no evidence of disease and locally treated skin squamous or basal cell carcinoma.
• Type 1 diabetes or current insulin treatment.
• History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (in the last 5 years).
• HbA1c > 8.5%. The rationale is that this is the level that would require addition of insulin. However, insulin use is excluded in this study due to the increased risk of ketoacidosis.
• Currently receiving any other investigational agents.
• A history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to dapagliflozin or other agents used in the study.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease, ketoacidosis, severe kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m\^2), symptomatic hypotension, and chronic/frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections.
• Pregnant and/or breastfeeding. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 14 days prior to first dose of dapagliflozin.
• Patients with HIV are eligible unless their CD4+ T-cell counts are < 350 cells/mcL or they have a history of AIDS-defining opportunistic infection within the 12 months prior to registration. Concurrent treatment with effective ART according to DHHS treatment guidelines is recommended.

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Non-randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

United States · 1 center

• Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital — St Louis

Identifiers

NCT: NCT05521984 · 202210013

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗