ACT-Based Psychoeducation for Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia

Официальное название

The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Psychoeducation Applied to Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients Attending the Community Mental Health Center on Emotional Expression, Perceived Family Burden, and Psychological Flexibility: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Обзор

This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effects of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based psychoeducation program on expressed emotion, perceived family burden, and psychological flexibility among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending a Community Mental Health Center. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Does ACT-based psychoeducation reduce expressed emotion among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia? * Does ACT-based psychoeducation reduce perceived family burden among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia? * Does ACT-based psychoeducation improve psychological flexibility among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia? Researchers will randomly assign eligible caregivers to either an intervention group receiving an 8-session ACT-based psychoeducation program or a control group receiving routine care. Participants will: * Complete assessment measures before the intervention (pre-test). * Participate in 8 ACT-based psychoeducation sessions if assigned to the intervention group. * Continue receiving routine care if assigned to the control group. * Complete assessment measures immediately after the intervention (post-test). * Complete follow-up assessments at 1 month and 3 months after the intervention.

Подробное описание

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It has devastating consequences that impact not only the health of affected individuals but also their social, occupational, and economic functioning. The effects of schizophrenia extend beyond patients and significantly influence family members who assume caregiving responsibilities. The behavioral and emotional difficulties experienced by individuals with schizophrenia may expose caregivers to various physical and psychological challenges.

Family caregivers frequently experience emotions such as anger, helplessness, anxiety, and uncertainty, and they may have difficulty managing these emotional reactions. With the increasing adoption of community-based mental health care services, families have assumed greater responsibility for the care of individuals with schizophrenia. As a result, caregivers often face substantial caregiving demands, contributing to increased family burden and emotional distress.

Psychological flexibility refers to the ability to maintain or change behavior in accordance with personal values and long-term goals despite the presence of distressing thoughts, emotions, or experiences. Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia are frequently exposed to stressful situations and negative emotional experiences that may adversely affect their psychological flexibility.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a behavioral intervention that aims to enhance psychological flexibility through acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification, and committed action. Previous studies have suggested that ACT-based interventions may help family members develop more adaptive beliefs and attitudes, reduce psychological distress, and improve coping with caregiving challenges. Through the acceptance process, caregivers may learn to engage more effectively with difficult thoughts and emotions associated with long-term caregiving responsibilities.

The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effects of an ACT-based psychoeducation program on expressed emotion, perceived family burden, and psychological flexibility among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending a Community Mental Health Center. Eligible caregivers will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving an eight-session ACT-based psychoeducation program or a control group receiving routine care. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test), at 1-month follow-up, and at 3-month follow-up.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-Based Psychoeducation Program
  The intervention consists of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based psychoeducation program developed in accordance with expert opinions. The program is delivered in a group format and includes eight structured sessions lasting approximately 60-90 minutes each. Session topics include introduction to the program and ACT principles, contact with the present moment, acceptance, cognitive defusion, self-as-context (observing self), values, values-based actions, and review and evaluation of

Первичные конечные точки

• Perceived Family Burden [Срок оценки: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention (post-test), 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up.]
• Psychological Flexibility [Срок оценки: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention (post-test), 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up.]
• Expressed Emotion [Срок оценки: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention (post-test), 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up.]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Living with an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia who has been followed and actively receiving services from a Community Mental Health Center for at least one year.
• Being the primary caregiver responsible for the care of the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia.
• Having been involved in the care and treatment of the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least 12 months prior to the study.
• Being between 18 and 65 years of age.
• Being literate.
• Being able to speak and understand Turkish.
• Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent.

Критерии исключения

• Having a medically diagnosed psychiatric disorder.
• Having a diagnosis of an organic mental disorder or intellectual disability.
• Having a physical impairment that may interfere with participation in the study or data collection process (e.g., hearing or speech impairment).

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Двойное слепое

Основная цель

Поддерживающая терапия

Центры проведения

Turkey (Türkiye) · 1 центр

• Nevşehir State Hospital Community Mental Health Center — Nevşehir

Публикации

• Berksun OE (1992) Şizofrenide aile faktörü: expressed emotion (EE): ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama denemesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Arslantas, H., Adana, F., Dereboy, F., Altinyazar, V., İnal, S., Ildirli, G. S., Kirci, Ç. (2011). Algılanan Aile Yükü Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Sürümünün Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 48(1): 53-8.
• Karakuş, S. ve Akbay, S. E. (2020). Psikolojik esneklik ölçeği: Uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 32-43.
• Tunc E, Orak OS, Avci IA. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Counseling Among Family Members of Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2025 Aug;63(8):24-32. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20250314-02. Epub 2025 Mar 27. PMID 40145690
• Wright, S. R., Graham, C. D., Houghton, R., Ghiglieri, C. and Berry, E. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for caregivers of children with chronic conditions: A mixed methods systematic review (MMSR) of efficacy, process, and acceptance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 72-97.
• Koujalgi, S. R., & Nayak, R. B. (2021). Family burden among caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders. BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 6(2), 164-167.
• James, R., & Tungol, J. (2022). Wellness Enhancement Therapy (WET) to Reduce Expressed Emotion and Subjective Burden among the Family Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients: A Pilot Study. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 1-5.

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07656558 · E-50107718-050.04-782534

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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