Comparative Effects of Elliptical Exercises and Swiss Ball Aerobics Exercises in Post CABG Patients

Официальное название

Comparative Effects Of Elliptical Exercises And Swiss Ball Aerobics Exercises On Functional Capacity, Heart Rate, Dyspnea , And Quality Of Life In Post CABG Patients

Обзор

This randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of elliptical exercise training and Swiss ball exercise therapy in post-CABG patients. A total of 32 participants will be recruited through convenient sampling and randomly allocated into two groups (16 each). Group A will receive supervised elliptical exercise training, while Group B will perform Swiss ball exercises, with sessions conducted three times per week for 6-8 weeks. Outcomes including functional exercise capacity (Six-Minute Walk Test), resting heart rate (pulse oximetry), dyspnea (Modified Borg Scale), and quality of life (SF-36) will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS to determine the more effective rehabilitation approach for improving recovery after CABG.

Подробное описание

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a widely performed surgical intervention aimed at restoring adequate myocardial perfusion in patients with severe coronary artery disease. Despite its benefits, patients often experience persistent limitations in functional capacity, elevated resting heart rate, and dyspnea, during the postoperative period. Effective rehabilitation strategies are essential to facilitate recovery and enhance quality of life in this population.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of two rehabilitation approaches elliptical exercise training and Swiss ball exercise therapy on key clinical and psychological outcomes in post-CABG patients. Patient of post CABG will be selected by convenient sampling technique 32 Participants will be randomly assigned to either group 16 in each group. Group A will be treated by elliptical exercises and B will be treated with Swiss ball exercises and will engage in supervised exercise sessions three times a week for 6 to 8 weeks. Outcomes including functional exercise capacity (measured via the six-minute walk test), resting heart rate (pulse ox), dyspnea (Modified Borg Scale), and quality of life (SF-36) will be evaluated before and after the intervention.

Data will be analyzed using statistical package for social sciences spss. By comparing these two approaches, this research aims to determine which exercise method is more effective in improving both physical parameters and quality of life in post-CABG patients. The results could help improve rehabilitation programs and support faster, more complete recoveries for heart surgery patients.

Вмешательства

• Другое elliptical exercises
  Participants allocated to the this group will undergo a structured aerobic training program using an elliptical trainer. The exercise prescription will adhere to the FITT framework as follows: frequency of five sessions per week, moderate intensity (targeting approximately 50-70% of heart rate reserve or corresponding Rating of Perceived Exertion of 12-14 on the Borg scale), and duration of 30 minutes per session. Each session will be supervised and will include appropriate warm-up and cool-down
• Другое swiss ball exercises
  Participants allocated to this group will receive a structured exercise program using Swiss ball-based training. The intervention will follow the FITT principle as follows: frequency of five sessions per week, moderate intensity (corresponding to a Rating of Perceived Exertion of 12-14 on the Borg scale), and duration of 30 minutes per session. The exercise type will consist of flexibility and breathing exercises performed with the Swiss ball. Each session will be supervised and will include sta

Первичные конечные точки

• functional capacity [Срок оценки: pretreatment, 4th week, 8th week]
• Heart rate [Срок оценки: pretreatment, 4th week, 8th week.]
• Dyspnoea [Срок оценки: pretreatment, 4th week, 8th week]
• Quality of life in post-CABG patients [Срок оценки: pretreatment, 4th week , 8th week]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Adult patients aged 40 to 60 years who have undergone elective or scheduled coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.
• Post-operative duration between 2 to 6 weeks, medically cleared to begin rehabilitation exercises.
• Hemodynamically stable (normal vital signs, no signs of acute cardiac distress).
• Willing and able to participate in a supervised rehabilitation program.

Критерии исключения

• Patients with unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction (<2 weeks), or uncontrolled arrhythmias.
• Patients with severe valvular heart disease or left ventricular ejection fraction <30%.
• Individuals with neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke) that impair mobility or coordination.
• Patients with severe musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., joint replacement, severe arthritis, recent fractures).
• Cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, significant memory loss) that prevents understanding or following instructions.

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Простое слепое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

Пакистан · 1 центр

• Riphah International University — Lahore

Публикации

• Athanasiou A, Papazachou O, Rovina N, Nanas S, Dimopoulos S, Kourek C. The Effects of Exercise Training on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024 May 22;11(6):161. doi: 10.3390/jcdd11060161. PMID 38921661
• Bilajac L, Marinovic Glavic M, Kristijan Z, Matea B, Juraga D, Jelakovic A, Rukavina T, Vasiljev V, Jelakovic B. Breaking the Cycle: Enhancing Cardiovascular Health in the Elderly Through Group Exercise. Life (Basel). 2025 Jan 29;15(2):206. doi: 10.3390/life15020206. PMID 40003614
• Reed JL, Terada T, Cotie LM, Tulloch HE, Leenen FH, Mistura M, Hans H, Wang HW, Vidal-Almela S, Reid RD, Pipe AL. The effects of high-intensity interval training, Nordic walking and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training on functional capacity, depression and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial (CRX PMID 34245777
• Saba MA, Goharpey S, Attarbashi Moghadam B, Salehi R, Nejatian M. Correlation Between the 6-Min Walk Test and Exercise Tolerance Test in Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cross-sectional Study. Cardiol Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):201-209. doi: 10.1007/s40119-021-00210-0. Epub 2021 Feb 13. PMID 33586086
• Anderson L, Thompson DR, Oldridge N, Zwisler AD, Rees K, Martin N, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 5;2016(1):CD001800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub3. PMID 26730878
• Ciftci H, Korkut S, Karaca S. The Effect of Breathing Exercise With Incentive Spirometer on Pain, Anxiety, Comfort, and Physiological Parameters Before and After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2025 Dec;40(6):1460-1468. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2025.02.005. Epub 2025 Jun 9. PMID 40488685
• Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG, Cigarroa JE, Disesa VJ, Hiratzka LF, Hutter AM Jr, Jessen ME, Keeley EC, Lahey SJ, Lange RA, London MJ, Mack MJ, Patel MR, Puskas JD, Sabik JF, Selnes O, Shahian DM, Trost JC, Winniford MD; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American Association for Thoracic Surge PMID 22070836

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07578805 · Khadija Nawaz

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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