Sentence Prediction in Developmental Language Disorder

Обзор

Millions of children - 7-12% of the school-age population - have developmental language disorder (DLD), a disorder that affects language learning, comprehension, and use. These children have difficulty with sentence production and comprehension at every stage of their development. These difficulties have major implications for the educational attainment of children with DLD compared to children with typical development (TD). Children with TD and adults make rapid predictions of upcoming words following verbs (e.g., predicting the patient in The dog eats the bone or the agent in The bone is eaten by the dog). Extensive work in children and adults indicates that prediction facilitates sentence comprehension by inducing a state of preparedness and contributes to language development by tuning the language system to the input. Children with DLD have a poorer ability to make sentence predictions, which may compound and result in sentence-comprehension deficits. Prior work on prediction deficits in DLD has focused on broad sentence characteristics like typicality or broad participant characteristics like vocabulary test scores. However, studies with typical individuals have identified more specific sentence- and participant-level contributors to sentence prediction. These factors have not been systematically explored in children with DLD. The investigators explore three separate hypotheses concerning factors that affect prediction in DLD. First, sentence- and participant-level properties affect prediction in children with DLD. Second, children with DLD lack robust representations of the underlying linguistic knowledge needed to predict, particularly abstract semantic features. Third, children with DLD have differences in event processing that relate to sentence prediction skill. The investigators investigate these hypotheses in 5-7-year-old school-age children with DLD across three Aims. Aim 1: Measure the effect of sentence- and participant-level properties on sentence prediction. The investigators will measure two participant-level cognitive factors (processing speed, verbal working memory) and their effect on prediction of agents and patients in sentences varying across two properties (syntactic complexity, semantic competition). Aim 2: Measure linguistic knowledge that underlies sentence prediction. The investigators will measure knowledge of agent-verb and verb-patient cooccurrences (e.g., dog-bite, eat-apple) and knowledge of verb-specific semantic features (e.g., throw-\<round object\>). Aim 3: Measure event-processing skills that underlie sentence prediction. The investigators will measure how children with DLD categorize and attend to agents/patients in visual scenes. Impact: This project has the promise to be highly impactful. First, it bridges disparate literatures on language processing in adults, children with TD, and children with DLD, providing clarity about predictive processing in DLD. Second, it may influence intervention approaches by identifying areas of strength and need in children with DLD. Third, it sets the stage for larger-scale longitudinal work examining effects of early prediction ability, language knowledge, and event processing on later sentence comprehension.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое Thematic role
  The thematic role assessed for some trials will be the agent thematic role (i.e., the actor) and the thematic role assessed for the other trials will be the patient thematic role (i.e., the undergoer).
• Поведенческое Sentence complexity
  In half of the sentences, complexity will be simple (i.e., in simple active or passive sentences with no intervening linguistic material between the verb and the noun-to-be-predicted). In the other half of the sentences, complexity will be complex (i.e., additional linguistic material will intervene between the verb and the noun-to-be-predicted).

Первичные конечные точки

• Behavioral response data [Срок оценки: During sessions for verb knowledge tasks]
• Eye tracking gaze data [Срок оценки: During sessions for sentence processing and event processing tasks]

Вторичные конечные точки (1)

• Behavioral response data [Срок оценки: During sessions for verb knowledge tasks]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Pass a hearing screening at 25dB at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz
• Have normal or corrected-to-normal vision
• Have no history of neurological disorders
• For DLD group, Test of Narrative Language 2 (TNL-2) score less than 92
• For TD group, TNL-2 score greater than 92, a cut-off that provides excellent sensitivity/specificity (.92/.92).

Критерии исключения

• Scores in the Autism range on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS-2)
• Scores below 75 on the Visual Spatial Index of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 4 (WPPSI-IV)

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Не применимо

Модель

Одна группа

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Фундаментальное исследование

Центры проведения

США · 1 центр

• Boys Town National Research Hospital — Omaha

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07510854 · R21DC022371-01 · R21DC022371-01A1

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

Открыть это исследование на ClinicalTrials.gov ↗