Impact of AI Feedback on Ultrasound Biometry Accuracy Across the Expertise Levels

Study Overview: This study evaluates how real-time Artificial Intelligence (AI) feedback impacts the accuracy of fetal biometry measurements in obstetric ultrasound. While AI tools are designed to assist clinicians, their effectiveness may vary depending on the user's baseline skill level-a phenomenon known as the "Expertise Reversal Effect."

Research Aim: The primary objective is to determine if AI-guided feedback significantly reduces measurement error in ultrasound fetal weight estimation to traditional manual methods. The study specifically investigates whether the benefit of AI is greater for novice users, intermediate users users than for experienced specialists.

Study Design: This is a stratified, randomized controlled trial involving 75 participants categorized into three expertise tiers:

Novices (e.g., students or residents with minimal scan experience).

Intermediate Users (e.g., physicians in mid-level training).

Experts (e.g., senior specialists).

Participants within each tier will be randomized 1:1 to either the AI-Assisted Group (receiving real-time automated plane validation and calipers) or the Control Group (performing standard manual biometry).

Primary Outcome Measure: Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW): The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the EFW relative to the actual birthweight, assessing the clinical impact of AI assistance on weight prediction.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

* Procedural Efficiency: Total procedure time (probe-to-skin) required to complete the biometry. * Image Quality: Objective assessment of captured planes based on standardized salomon criteria. * Relative Measurement Error: Deviation of estimated fetal weight when compared to a standard (expert-validated) ultrasound scan. * Subjective Workload: Evaluation of cognitive load and user effort using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). * Determination of Experience Threshold: Defining the 'cutoff' in clinical experience (years and total scans) for significant AI-mediated accuracy gains.

• Procedural Efficacy [Срок оценки: The duration of the scan, maximum of 30 minutes]
• Image Quality [Срок оценки: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.]
• Cognitive and Physiological Load [Срок оценки: During the ultrasound procedure (GSR) and immediately following the procedure (NASA-TLX), approximately 30 minutes in total.]
• Measurement Deviation: [Срок оценки: The duration from pre study scan and study scan.]
• Experience Threshold for AI-Mediated Accuracy Gains [Срок оценки: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.]