(Effect of Toy Nebulizer Versus Distraction Cards on Children's Fear and Parental Satisfaction During Nebulization Therapy: A Comparative Study

Обзор

Goal To compare the effectiveness of a toy nebulizer versus distraction cards in reducing fear among children during nebulization therapy while improving parental satisfaction. Aim To evaluate and measure children's fear levels and parents' satisfaction when using toy nebulizers compared to distraction cards in nebulization sessions. Null hypothesis: (Hᴏ) There is no statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups. Alternative hypothesis: (H₁) There is a statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups.

Подробное описание

Background Nebulization therapy is essential for children with respiratory conditions like asthma, but it often causes significant fear and anxiety in young patients. Distraction techniques help reduce distress, yet more engaging methods like toy nebulizers may offer better outcomes. This study compares these two non-pharmacological interventions.

Study Design A comparative randomized controlled trial involving children aged 3-8 years undergoing nebulization. Participants are randomly assigned to either a toy nebulizer group (interactive play device mimicking nebulization) or distraction cards group (visual/pictorial cards). Fear levels are assessed using the Child Fear Scale (CFS), and parental satisfaction via a 5-point Likert scale.

Objectives Primary: Measure reduction in children's fear during therapy.

Secondary: Evaluate parental satisfaction and therapy completion rates.

Procedures Sessions occur in a pediatric clinic over 4 weeks (3 sessions per child). Pre- and post-session assessments capture fear and satisfaction data. Data analysis uses t-tests and ANOVA for statistical significance (p\<0.05).

Expected Outcomes Toy nebulizers are hypothesized to lower fear more effectively than distraction cards, leading to higher parental satisfaction and better adherence to therapy.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое distraction card
  Set of 3-6 colorful picture cards featuring engaging images (animals, counting games, hidden objects) held 12-18 inches from the child's face during nebulization. Nurse flips cards every 1-2 minutes while prompting interactive questions (e.g., "How many stars?" or "Find the bear") to cognitively distract the child aged 3-6 from the mask, promoting calm breathing over 10-15 minute sessions (3x/week for 4 weeks). Used as non-physical, passive distraction in the control arm.
• Поведенческое Nebuliser toy
  Children aged 3-6 receive nebulization therapy using an interactive toy nebulizer (animal-shaped mask with playful features like a blow-out tongue). Nurse guides play-based breathing games during 10-15 minute sessions (3x/week for 4 weeks) to reduce fear while delivering medication.

Первичные конечные точки

• Parental Satisfaction scale [Срок оценки: 9 month]
• Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale [Срок оценки: 9 month]

Критерии участия

Inclusion Criteria:Children aged 3-6 years receiving nebulization therapy for the first time due to acute respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma or bronchitis).

2\. Presence of at least one parent (preferably the mother) during the procedure who is capable of evaluation and communication in Arabic or Kurdish.

3\. Children who are alert and able to cooperate (absence of severe pain or any condition preventing basic communication).

4\. Voluntary written informed consent obtained from the parents and assent from the child (where applicable).

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Exclusion Criteria:Prior history of nebulization therapy (to ensure the fear response is not conditioned by past experiences).

2\. Children with cognitive, neurological, or developmental disabilities, or severe chronic illnesses (e.g., terminal cancer).

3\. Parental inability to complete fear or satisfaction questionnaires due to disability or illiteracy.

4\. Refusal to participate by the child or parent, or the presence of emergency conditions requiring immediate life-saving intervention.

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Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Нерандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Поддерживающая терапия

Центры проведения

Ирак · 1 центр

• Hospital Ibn Al Atheer — Baghdad

Публикации

• Nik Adib NA, Ibrahim MI, Ab Rahman A, Bakar RS, Yahaya NA, Hussin S, Nor Arifin W. Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of the Parents' Satisfaction Scale (PSS-M) for Assessment of Caregivers' Satisfaction with Health Care Services for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 4;15(11):2455. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112455. PMID 30400357
• Li HC, Lopez V. Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing. J Clin Nurs. 2005 Feb;14(2):223-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01031.x. PMID 15669931

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07417839 · UOB-CON-2026-003

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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