The Effectiveness of Gamified Metaverse-Based Training on Patient Safety for Nursing Students

Официальное название

The Effectiveness of Gamified Metaverse-Based Training on Patient Safety for Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study

Обзор

Introduction: Patient safety issues, such as medication errors, healthcare-associated infections, unsafe surgical procedures, and diagnostic errors, can negatively impact the quality of healthcare and patient outcomes due to preventable risks. There is a need for innovative, interactive educational approaches to ensure the lasting acquisition of patient safety competencies in nursing students and to strengthen their transfer to the clinical environment. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of gamified metaverse-based training on patient safety competencies in nursing students and to assess student opinions regarding metaverse-based training. Method: The research will be conducted using a mixed-methods design. The quantitative phase will be an experimental design including intervention and control groups, pre-test-post-test, and a one-month follow-up (retention test). The research will be conducted between February 2026 and May 2026 with second-year students studying in the Spring semester of 2025-2026 at Başkent University Nursing Department in Ankara. According to G\*Power calculations, a minimum sample size of 52 was found; considering a possible 10% loss, the total sample size was planned as 60 students (intervention=30, control=30). All participants will take the Patient Safety Knowledge Level Test (pre-test) and the Patient Safety Competency Self-Assessment Tool before the training. This will be followed by 2 hours of traditional theoretical training on patient safety; the intervention group will also receive gamified metaverse-based training via Spatial.io for two weeks. Post-tests will be administered after the training and one month later. Data collection tools include the Demographic Information Form, the Patient Safety Knowledge Level Test, the Patient Safety Competency Self-Assessment Tool (PSCS), and focus group interviews to be conducted in the intervention group. Quantitative data will be analyzed through within-group and between-group comparisons; qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis, and the findings will be interpreted holistically. Findings (Expected): Gamified metaverse-based training is expected to provide a greater increase in mean scores on the Patient Safety Knowledge Level Test (PSL) and total and sub-dimension scores (knowledge-skills-attitudes) of nursing students compared to the control group, and to support the retention of these results. Conclusion: This study is expected to generate evidence regarding the effectiveness of gamified metaverse-based training in improving patient safety competencies in nursing education and to contribute to the structuring of patient safety training in a more integrated, student-centered, and sustainable manner.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое Gamified metaverse-based educational application
  Students in the intervention group will receive gamified metaverse-based training.

Первичные конечные точки

• The Patient Safety Knowledge Level Test [Срок оценки: Before the intervention, within 1 hour after the intervention, and one month after the intervention.]
• Patient Safety Competency Self-Evaluation Tool [Срок оценки: Before the intervention, within 1 hour after the intervention, and one month after the intervention.]

Вторичные конечные точки (1)

• Focus Group Interview Questions (interview) [Срок оценки: within 1 week after the intervention]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the research,
• Being a second-year undergraduate nursing student,
• Being able to understand and speak Turkish,
• Having healthy hearing, vision, and speech.

Критерии исключения

• The student voluntarily wishing to withdraw from the study
• The student ceasing to use the metaverse space during the study period
• Filling out the survey form incompletely.

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Простое слепое

Основная цель

Другое

Центры проведения

Turkey (Türkiye) · 1 центр

• Baskent University — Ankara

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07394907 · 17162298600-374

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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