Postoperative Analgesia Practices After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

This is a prospective observational clinical study designed to examine the impact of various postoperative analgesia strategies on pain outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In routine practice at the participating center, regional block techniques and intravenous analgesia protocols are commonly used, and different anesthesiologists may choose different postoperative analgesia approaches.

All patients will undergo standard general anesthesia according to institutional protocols. Intraoperative monitoring will include heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, duration of surgery, opioid consumption, and intraoperative complications. Postoperative follow-up will include assessment of pain scores (NRS) at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours, cumulative opioid consumption, need for rescue analgesics, time to first analgesic request, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), antiemetic use, patient satisfaction, and any analgesia-related adverse events.

Demographic characteristics (age, sex, BMI, ASA status), stone features (location, side, volume), and intraoperative variables will be recorded. Data will be collected prospectively and stored securely.

The primary goal is to compare the effect of different postoperative analgesia methods on cumulative opioid use in the first 24 hours. Secondary aims include evaluating pain scores, rescue analgesic need, intraoperative opioid use, time to first analgesic request, PONV incidence, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects.

• Pain scores at rest and during movement [Срок оценки: 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively]
• Time to first analgesic request [Срок оценки: Postoperative 24 hours]
• Need for rescue analgesics [Срок оценки: 24 hours]
• Intraoperative opioid consumption [Срок оценки: During surgery]
• Antiemetic medication use [Срок оценки: 24 hours]
• Patient satisfaction score [Срок оценки: 24 hours postoperatively]