Impact of Smell Testing on Health Outcomes

The investigators will recruit participants in cycles for in person or remote participation. Each cycle is characterized by an initial assessment, intervention deployment (smell testing), post-intervention evaluation, 1-month and 6-month follow-ups via survey, text or phone to assess post-intervention psychological health and connection to care for smell dysfunction. The research team will assess odor detection, intensity, identification, pleasantness and discrimination. Based on the cut-offs determined prior to the beginning of data collection, the investigators will prospectively assign a participant to the smell dysfunction group or to the normosmia (no smell dysfunction) group. Based on this diagnostic intervention, participants with smell dysfunction will receive patient-centered information and education about i) community engagement with individuals with smell loss, ii) available counseling and iii) medical support. At the end of the 1-month and 6-month follow-up periods, the investigators will assess effectiveness of the intervention using pre-post comparisons to determine whether individuals taking a smell test felt improvements in their psychological health and whether they have contacted a provider and/or followed up with a visit.

Sessions may include multiple surveys/instruments depending on the session number. Specifically, emotional ratings and demographic information will be collected by means of either a paper - or computer-based questionnaire. A survey to measure psychological health and quality of life will be given to participants, as well as a questionnaire to measure depression, which is associated with smell dysfunction. Participants will answer questions about how they are feeling and how ready they are to contact a healthcare provider. The specific smell tests that will be given to participants will be either SCENTinel, NIH Toolbox, Arohma, or the B-SIT test. Other Follow-Up Questions include ones regarding access to care, contacting a provider, seeing a provider, and satisfaction with care.

• Measuring health-related quality of life using the SF-12 survey. [Срок оценки: SF-12 is completed at baseline, during 1 month follow-up session, and during the 6 month follow-up.]
• Measuring self-reported health perception using a "How do you feel?" 0-100 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). [Срок оценки: VAS is completed at baseline, during 1 month follow-up session, and during the 6 month follow-up.]
• Effectiveness of implementation (to contact a healthcare provider for smell dysfunction within up to 6 months from smell testing). [Срок оценки: Evaluated during 1 month and 6 month follow ups]