Sustained Unresponsiveness (SU) to Cashew Nut Protein Following Oral Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

Официальное название

Evaluation of the Acquisition of Sustained Unresponsiveness to Cashew Nut Protein Following Oral Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy - Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients From the RCT "Efficacy of Cashew Nut Protein Immunotherapy: A Protocol of a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial in the Pediatric Population" (NCT06328504)

Обзор

This study is a long-term follow-up of participants from the randomized controlled trial (RCT) "Efficacy of Cashew Nut Protein Immunotherapy: A Protocol of a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial in the Pediatric Population", NCT06328504. At the end of the original RCT all participants will undergo an open Oral Food Challenge (OFC) to assess desensitization after 3 months on the maintenance dose of OIT. Patients who have completed the first part of the study will be invited to the current part of the project: * First arm (initial experimental group) - patients will continue oral immunotherapy (OIT) with cashew nut protein (1200mg) for the next 8 months (+/- 3 weeks). * Second arm (initial control group - one year on a cashew nut elimination diet) - patients will begin OIT following the protocol used in the first part of the study (RCT). Upon completion of this initial phase, they will continue immunotherapy for an additional 8 months (+/- 3 weeks). After an additional 8 months (+/- 3 weeks) of OIT, all study participants will undergo a 4-week cessation of treatment, followed by an open Oral Food Challenge (OFC) to assess the development of sustained unresponsiveness (SU).

Подробное описание

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is currently recognized as the most effective disease-modifying intervention for IgE-mediated food allergies. The therapeutic objectives of OIT encompass two distinct immunologic outcomes: desensitization and sustained unresponsiveness (SU).

Desensitization refers to a reversible state of increased clinical tolerance to the allergen, dependent on continuous antigen exposure. In contrast, sustained unresponsiveness-considered the optimal endpoint-describes the maintenance of non-reactivity to the allergen following a defined period of OIT discontinuation.

The present study constitutes a long-term follow-up of participants previously enrolled in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) "Efficacy of Cashew Nut Protein Immunotherapy: A Protocol of a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial in the Pediatric Population", NCT06328504. Participants who completed the initial treatment phase will be invited to participate in this extended evaluation.

Study Procedures

Following an additional 8 months (±3 weeks) of continued cashew nut protein OIT, eligible participants will undergo a comprehensive in-hospital evaluation, including:

Skin prick testing (SPT) with commercial extracts of peanut, walnut, hazelnut, pistachio, cashew, almond, and native tests with cashew flour, peanut butter, and fresh nuts listed above

Laboratory assessments (e.g., specific IgE, IgG4), and

A standardized open oral food challenge (OFC) to cashew nut protein to assess clinical desensitization.

Participants who demonstrated confirmed desensitization (i.e., negative OFC) after 3 months of OIT during the initial trial phase will proceed to the next phase of the study protocol without repeating an OFC prior to OIT cessation. Only those with previously confirmed desensitization will be eligible for assessment of sustained unresponsiveness.

Following a 4-week discontinuation period (i.e., OIT treatment break), these participants will undergo a second OFC to evaluate sustained unresponsiveness to cashew nut protein.

Participants who did not achieve desensitization during the initial or extended phases-defined by a positive OFC-will resume cashew nut protein OIT per the established clinical desensitization protocol implemented at the investigational site, irrespective of their initial randomization group.

Statistical Considerations

An interim analysis is planned once 70% of participants have completed the primary outcome assessment. This analysis will be conducted by an independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) to ensure participant safety and evaluate preliminary efficacy signals. Statistical inference during interim analysis will be controlled using appropriate alpha-spending functions to maintain the overall Type I error rate.

Вмешательства

• Пищевая добавка OIT with cashew nut protein
  After 8 months of continued oral immunotherapy (OIT) with cashew nuts, patients will undergo hospital-based assessments, including skin prick testing, laboratory evaluations, and an open Oral Food Challenge (OFC) to assess desensitization. Patients who had a negative OFC after 3 months in the initial phase-confirming desensitization-will skip the pre-break OFC and proceed directly to the next stage. Following a 4-week interruption in OIT, patients will return for a final hospital visit, during w

Первичные конечные точки

• Sustained unresponsiveness determined by the outcome of the OFC [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]

Вторичные конечные точки (12)

• Changes in cashew nut protein tolerance during OFC [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Adverse event [Срок оценки: 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and a 4 week break (+/- 7 days).]
• Quality of life - FAQLQ (Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire) [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Basophil activation test (BAT) [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Evaluation of Predictive Factors for the Acquisition of Sustained Unresponsiveness - wheal diameter in PTS [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• SIgE (specific immunoglobulin E) (kUA/l) levels [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Air condensate [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Evaluation of Predictive Factors for the Acquisition of Sustained Unresponsiveness [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• IgG4 (immunoglobulin IgG4) (mgA/l) levels [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Cut-off Values for Sustained Unresponsiveness Prediction - PTS wheal diameter [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Cut-off Values for Sustained Unresponsiveness Prediction - sIgE [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]
• Determination of Threshold Differences Predictive of Sustained Unresponsiveness - PTS wheal diameter [Срок оценки: After 11 months on the maintenance dose of OIT (±3 weeks) and/or a 4-week break (±7 days).]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Cashew nut allergy confirmed prior to the initiation of immunotherapy
• Completion of the first phase of the study, including achievement of the maintenance dose (1200 mg of cashew nut protein) during immunotherapy
• Provision of informed consent for participation in the study
• Adequate cooperation from the patient and/or their legal guardians

Критерии исключения

• Severe asthma
• Poorly controlled mild-to-moderate asthma, defined as:

• FEV1 < 80% (below the 5th percentile),
• FEV1/FVC ratio < 75% (below the 5th percentile),
• Hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation within the past 12 months
• Oral, sublingual, or subcutaneous immunotherapy for other allergens during the first year/season of therapy
• Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
• Severe, recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis within the last 6 months
• Chronic illnesses requiring ongoing treatment, including:

• Cardiac conditions
• Epilepsy
• Metabolic disorders
• Diabetes mellitus
• Use of the following medications:

• Daily oral corticosteroid therapy >1 month within the past 12 months
• At least two courses of oral corticosteroids (minimum duration of 7 days each) in the past 12 months
• One course of oral corticosteroids (minimum 7 days) within the past 3 months
• Biologic therapies
• Treatment with β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers
• Pregnancy
• Lack of informed consent for participation
• Lack of cooperation from the patient

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Нерандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

Польша · 1 центр

• Medical University of Warsaw — Warsaw

Публикации

• Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, Levy MB, Epstein-Rigbi N, Koren Y, Holmqvist M, Porsch H, Lidholm J, Goldberg MR. Cashew oral immunotherapy for desensitizing cashew-pistachio allergy (NUT CRACKER study). Allergy. 2022 Jun;77(6):1863-1872. doi: 10.1111/all.15212. Epub 2022 Jan 15. PMID 35000223
• Wang F, Robotham JM, Teuber SS, Tawde P, Sathe SK, Roux KH. Ana o 1, a cashew (Anacardium occidental) allergen of the vicilin seed storage protein family. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Jul;110(1):160-6. doi: 10.1067/mai.2002.125208. PMID 12110836
• Robotham JM, Wang F, Seamon V, Teuber SS, Sathe SK, Sampson HA, Beyer K, Seavy M, Roux KH. Ana o 3, an important cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) allergen of the 2S albumin family. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jun;115(6):1284-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.028. PMID 15940148
• Borres MP, Sato S, Ebisawa M. Recent advances in diagnosing and managing nut allergies with focus on hazelnuts, walnuts, and cashew nuts. World Allergy Organ J. 2022 Apr 11;15(4):100641. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100641. eCollection 2022 Apr. PMID 35493774
• Brough HA, Caubet JC, Mazon A, Haddad D, Bergmann MM, Wassenberg J, Panetta V, Gourgey R, Radulovic S, Nieto M, Santos AF, Nieto A, Lack G, Eigenmann PA. Defining challenge-proven coexistent nut and sesame seed allergy: A prospective multicenter European study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Apr;145(4):1231-1239. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.036. Epub 2019 Dec 20. PMID 31866098
• Washio K, Nakamura M, Sato N, Hori M, Matsubara K, Ogura K, Oda Y, Fukunaga A, Yagami A, Matsunaga K. Anaphylaxis in a pectin- and cashew nut-allergic child caused by a citrus bath. Allergol Int. 2022 Jan;71(1):155-157. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.07.006. Epub 2021 Aug 2. No abstract available. PMID 34353728
• van der Valk JP, Gerth van Wijk R, Dubois AE, de Groot H, Reitsma M, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Savelkoul HF, Wichers HJ, de Jong NW. Multicentre Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge Study in Children Sensitised to Cashew Nut. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 11;11(3):e0151055. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151055. eCollection 2016. PMID 26967158
• Pajno GB, Fernandez-Rivas M, Arasi S, Roberts G, Akdis CA, Alvaro-Lozano M, Beyer K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Burks W, Ebisawa M, Eigenmann P, Knol E, Nadeau KC, Poulsen LK, van Ree R, Santos AF, du Toit G, Dhami S, Nurmatov U, Boloh Y, Makela M, O'Mahony L, Papadopoulos N, Sackesen C, Agache I, Angier E, Halken S, Jutel M, Lau S, Pfaar O, Ryan D, Sturm G, Varga EM, van Wijk RG, Sheikh A, Muraro A; EAAC PMID 29205393

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT07158619 · KB/61/2025

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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