Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Patients Undergoing Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Under Local Anesthesia

Prostate cancer ranks the first in the incidence of male malignant tumors and the second in mortality in the world, which seriously affects men's physical and mental health. At present, the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is prostate biopsy. Transrectal biopsy and transperineal biopsy are commonly used. There is no significant difference in the detection rate of prostate cancer between the two methods, but each has its advantages and disadvantages. Transrectal prostate biopsy can be performed with local anesthesia, but the risk of postoperative infection is high. After transrectal prostate biopsy, bacteriuria was detected in 44% of patients and bacteremia in 16%, with infection as the leading cause of rehospitalization within 2 weeks after discharge (81%). Transperineal prostate biopsy does not require bowel preparation, and the risk of infection is minimal. However, this approach is prone to significant pain, and most cases are completed by general anesthesia. However, the operation time of general anesthesia is long, the economic cost is high, and the majority of prostate biopsy patients are elderly patients, with more underlying heart and lung diseases, and the risk of anesthesia is high. The convenience of local anesthesia and out-patient biopsy will be the development trend of prostate biopsy in the future. However, pain and anxiety caused by local anesthesia are not negligible factors during prostate biopsy. Studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients experience moderate or greater pain during prostate biopsy under local anesthesia. The use of analgesic drugs such as lidocaine gel and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as diclofenac) can not significantly reduce the pain caused by probe manipulation and biopsy sampling. In the process of local anesthesia surgery, due to the interaction between anxiety and pain for surgery, patients will also have vagal symptoms such as decreased blood pressure and bradycardia, which will increase the risk of surgery. In clinical practice, some patients give up pathological biopsy due to the fear of puncture, thus missing the best period of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, reducing the anxiety and pain caused by prostate biopsy is the key link to complete prostate biopsy under local anesthesia.

Acupuncture and moxibustion is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, which can be divided into hand acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture is a way of stimulating acupoints by connecting appropriate current after hand acupuncture to get qi, which can enhance the sensation of acupuncture and play a continuous stimulating effect on acupoints, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. Electroacupuncture has clinically significant effects on many types of pain management. Studies have shown that electroacupuncture has a significant effect on perioperative analgesia and can improve patients' satisfaction with surgery. In addition, electroacupuncture can also relieve perioperative anxiety, reduce stress response, and maintain the stability of cardiopulmonary function during the operation. Our previous observational study has shown that electroacupuncture can reduce the pain score and anxiety score of patients undergoing perineal prostate biopsy under local anesthesia, improve the surgical cooperation, without postoperative complications and high patient satisfaction. At present, electroacupuncture is not recommended as a analgesic and anti-anxiety regimen in prostate biopsy guidelines. In order to further verify the analgesic and anti-anxiety effect of electroacupuncture in prostate biopsy under local anesthesia, improve the level of clinical evidence, and provide a basis for clinical promotion in the future, it is necessary to conduct high-quality randomized controlled and multi-center clinical trials.

This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial. After the subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, they were randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture group and the sham electroacupuncture group according to the ratio of 1:1. The potential mechanism of EA in relieving pain and anxiety was explored.

• Area under the curve for cumulative pain scores [Срок оценки: 1h、6h、24h after completion of surgery]
• Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety [Срок оценки: At the beginning of operation and at the completion of operation]
• Incidence of rescue analgesia and total number of rescue analgesia [Срок оценки: At the completion of operation]
• Blood pressure [Срок оценки: At the completion of the operation and 20 min before the start of the operation]