Ultrasound-Guided Mid-Point Transverse Process to Pleura Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Pain Management in Patients With Multiple Rib Fractures (A Prospective Randomized Double- Blinded, Non-inferiority Trial )

Trauma is a major global health problem. In Egypt, trauma-related death accounted for 8% of total fatalities and was the eighth leading cause of death in 2010. However.\[1\]Rib fractures have an incidence around 10% of all trauma patients and over 30% of chest trauma patients.\[2\] Multiple fractured ribs are associated with extreme pain, to avoid intensifying discomfort, patients' breathing becomes shallower and they repress coughing, leading to respiratory insufficiency. Which may result in numerous complications, as sputum retention, atelectasis, infection, and respiratory insufficiency. This is associated with increase in intensive care admissions and mortality (25%).\[3\] Hence, pain control is the cornerstone of rib fracture management. Modalities for pain relief ranges from oral administration of analgesic drugs to regional nerve blocks including \[intrapleural, intercostal ,thoracic paravertebral nerve blockade (TPVB)\]. Despite the low rate of technical failure in TPVB execution (6.1%), pulmonary complications, such as inadvertent pleural puncture (0.8%) and pneumothorax (0.5%), are still a recognized risk.\[4\] Bedside ED-performed ultrasound-guided anesthesia is gaining in popularity, and early and adequate pain control has shown improved patient outcomes with rare complications.

One of the most recently described technique is mid-point transverse process to pleura (MTP) block.\[2\] In MTP block, the local anesthetic drug is deposited at the mid-point between the transverse process and pleura and it reaches the paravertebral space by diffusion. With this technique, even if superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL) is not visible, effective block can be achieved. In addition, needle is placed far away from pleura minimizing the rate of pneumothorax.\[5\]

• • NRS scores at different times up to 24 hours. [Срок оценки: 72hour]
• Time for first analgesic request. • Total 24 hours analgesic consumption. [Срок оценки: 24hour]
• • Total 24 hours analgesic consumption. [Срок оценки: 24hour]
• • Time for block performance. [Срок оценки: 30min]
• • Dermatomal block effect. [Срок оценки: 24hour]
• inspiratory volumes (mL) measured with a volume incentive spirometer. [Срок оценки: 72hour]
• respiratory rate (RR),Heart rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2),and need for mechanical ventilation. [Срок оценки: 3 days]
• • Complications such as pneumothorax bradycardia hypotension. • development of pneumonia, hospital length of stay, and mortality. [Срок оценки: 3days]