The Effects of Moderate Intensity Cycle Ergometer vs. Treadmill Training on Physiological Resilience in Older Adults

Официальное название

The Effects of Moderate Intensity, Time-matched Cycle Ergometer vs. Treadmill Exercise Training on Parameters Associated With Physiological Resilience in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Обзор

Government guidelines suggest that we should all take part in approximately two and a half hours each week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Older adults are particularly important as their overall health may decline as they get older. Therefore, exercising is important especially for older adults to improve heart and muscle health and functioning in carrying out tasks of daily living. The overall effects of aging on the body can make people less likely to withstand challenges to the body - this is termed 'resilience'. Although aerobic exercise is not super easy and requires continuity, it is not extremely difficult to get used to. However, we still do not know if some types of aerobic exercise are better for you than others at improving resilience. Therefore, this study will look at cycling vs walking to see if one is better at improving resilience in older adults who are 60-80 years old. You will be trained on either a treadmill or cycle ergometer and these exercise sessions will be done over 5 weeks, 3 days a week. Each session will last 40 minutes, start with warm-up and end with cool-down sessions. Assessments will include heart, lung, muscle, and memory and thinking measurements, all of which will be taken before and after the intervention period. This work will help us to better understand how we can improve exercise prescriptions for older adults to sustain their health and functioning in their daily life.

Подробное описание

Physiological resilience refers to the capacity to retain or regain physical function in the presence of diseases or age-related impairments. Poor resilience may increase vulnerability to stress, which could lead to negative functional and clinical consequences like a prolonged course of illness/hospitalization, reduced physical activity, an elevated risk of frailty, and even mortality. Physiological resilience is particularly crucial because it declines, and the likelihood of many stresses rises with age. Therefore, it is important to promote older populations' physiological resilience reserves and resources (increase their readiness levels against potential future stressors that are more likely to be seen when an individual gets older). Since risk of having stressors increases with advanced age, there is a relationship between aging and reduced readiness to stressors (low physiological resilience).

The scientific data establishing the beneficial effects of exercise is undeniable, and the advantages of exercise considerably outweigh the hazards in most adults. Although the existing evidence supports that exercise interventions are a potent tool to foster resilience in older adults, there is still a need of future studies regarding this information. Aerobic exercise (AE), one of the most recommended exercise types by the literature, has also been stated as a beneficial tool to promote physiological resilience at all stages of life through increased growth factor expression and neuroplasticity, which lower the destructive effects of chronic stress. Also, aerobic fitness has been shown to be one of the best predictors of resilience. Government guidelines recommend performing moderate-intensity AE 150 minutes per week. However, the literature does not elaborate on the details of AE interventions on physiological resilience and there is a lack of information on which AE modality is better for this purpose. Although the literature supports the idea of AE being a beneficial tool to improve health and physical fitness goals as well as resilience, it can clearly be seen that there is a need for future research regarding both the comparison of AE modalities in older adults and the effects of AE intervention to promote physiological resilience. Thus, this study will be the first to compare the effects of moderate intensity time-matched AE modalities (cycle ergometer versus treadmill training versus control group) on the parameters associated with physiological resilience (muscle mass/strength, cognition, dexterity, functional ability, cardiorespiratory fitness, and neuromuscular function) in older adults. The intervention period will last 5 weeks, 3 days a week, with 40-minute sessions. The research question will be 'Which AE modality is better in improving determinants of physiological resilience?'. This work will allow us to understand the relationship between AE and physiological resilience in a more detailed way and to prescribe better exercise prescriptions in the future.

Вмешательства

• Другое treadmill exercise
  Intervention consists of exercises only. Participants in this group will walk on a treadmill. The heart rates of the participants will be monitored with a heart rate monitor while exercising in order to maintain moderate-intensity.
• Другое cycle ergometer exercise
  Intervention consists of exercises only. Participants in this group will cycle on an ergometer. The heart rates of the participants will be monitored with a heart rate monitor while exercising in order to maintain moderate-intensity.

Первичные конечные точки

• The change in vastus lateralis mass [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The changes of muscle strength with maximum voluntary contraction of knee extension [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) capacity via the Ekblom-bak (EB) test [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The difference in neuromuscular function via force accuracy task [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The changes in functional ability via the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The difference between upper limb dexterity time before and after the intervention via 9-hole peg task [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The changes in cognitive function via Mini-ACE [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The changes of muscle strength with handgrip strength [Срок оценки: at Baseline (pre-assessment) and at the week 5 (post-assessment)]
• The change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) capacity via 6-minute walking test (6MWT) [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]
• The difference in neuromuscular function via balance time in The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) on motion platform [Срок оценки: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at the week 5 (post-intervention)]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study
• Participants who are able to perform exercises safely and freely
• Participants who are 60-80 years old

Критерии исключения

• Cardiopulmonary diseases except for well-controlled hypertension and asthma
• Severe cognitive impairment
• Joint disorders avoiding exercise participation
• A recent heart attack, unstable angina, or severe heart failure
• Having taken part in a research study in the last 3 months involving invasive procedures or an inconvenience allowance
• Participants who are currently engaging in more than 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or 75 min of vigorous-intensity exercise per week (WHO physical activity recommendations)

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

Великобритания · 1 центр

• The University of Nottingham/Medical School — Derby

Публикации

• Whitson HE, Duan-Porter W, Schmader KE, Morey MC, Cohen HJ, Colon-Emeric CS. Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016 Apr;71(4):489-95. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glv202. Epub 2015 Dec 29. PMID 26718984
• Hadley EC, Kuchel GA, Newman AB; Workshop Speakers and Participants. Report: NIA Workshop on Measures of Physiologic Resiliencies in Human Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017 Jul 1;72(7):980-990. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glx015. PMID 28475732
• Cosco TD, Howse K, Brayne C. Healthy ageing, resilience and wellbeing. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2017 Dec;26(6):579-583. doi: 10.1017/S2045796017000324. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PMID 28679453
• Sampedro-Piquero P, Moreno-Fernandez RD. Building Resilience with Aerobic Exercise: Role of FKBP5. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(8):1156-1160. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210408124937. PMID 33829973
• Arida RM, Teixeira-Machado L. The Contribution of Physical Exercise to Brain Resilience. Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 Jan 20;14:626769. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769. eCollection 2020. PMID 33584215
• Lee SY, Ahn S, Kim YJ, Ji MJ, Kim KM, Choi SH, Jang HC, Lim S. Comparison between Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses for Accuracy in Measuring Whole Body Muscle Mass and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass. Nutrients. 2018 Jun 7;10(6):738. doi: 10.3390/nu10060738. PMID 29880741
• Mijnarends DM, Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, ter Borg S, Luiking YC, Verlaan S, Schoberer D, Cruz Jentoft AJ, van Loon LJ, Schols JM. Validity and reliability of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013 Mar;14(3):170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Dec 29. PMID 23276432
• Scott JM, Martin DS, Ploutz-Snyder R, Matz T, Caine T, Downs M, Hackney K, Buxton R, Ryder JW, Ploutz-Snyder L. Panoramic ultrasound: a novel and valid tool for monitoring change in muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017 Jun;8(3):475-481. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12172. Epub 2017 Jan 3. PMID 28052593

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06955676 · FMHS 367-0923

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

Открыть это исследование на ClinicalTrials.gov ↗