PRospective Observational Study of STereotactic Body rAdiation Therapy With Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Organ-confined High-risk Prostate Cancer: the PROSTAR Trial

Обзор

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy and the 5th common cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. The majority of patients with PCa is diagnosed with potentially curable disease and its management includes different approaches, such as surgery, Radiation Therapy (RT) and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), for exclusive use or in combination each other. Randomized clinical trials have shown that moderate hypofractionated RT (i.e., 2.5-4 Gy per fraction) has become a valid alternative to conventionally fractionated RT in patients with PCa. The rationale of hypofractionation is based on the strong radiobiological evidence of the low α/β ratio of PCa cells (1.5-2 Gy) and the greater sensitivity to high dose per fraction. Data suggests that prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is an alternative treatment strategy for localized PCa with promising results in terms of disease control and toxicity, not inferior to conventionally fractionated RT. A systematic review of over 6000 men underwent prostate SBRT on prospective studies has demonstrated that this treatment provides favorable patient's quality of life, excellent disease control, and results in minimal serious acute or late toxicity. Almost all the published studies, investigated the role of SBRT for organ-confined low- and intermediate favorable-risk disease. However, the HYPO-RT-PC trial addressed the role of SBRT in the context of unfavorable localized PCa. In this non-inferiority, phase III multicenter trial 1200 patients with either intermediate or high risk PCa were enrolled. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that SBRT (42.7 Gy in 7 fractions, 3 days per week, for 2.5 weeks) is non-inferior to conventional fractionation (78 Gy in 39 fractions, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) regarding failure-free survival, without significant differences in late normal tissues complications. Failure-free survival at 5 years was 84% in both treatment arms; adjusted HR was 1.002, hence ultra-hypofractionation was found to be non-inferior to conventional fractionated RT (given HR limit = 1.338). These results paved the way for the use of SBRT even in patients with unfavorable PCa. One controversial issue is the role of ADT in the setting of SBRT for localized PCa: in conventionally fractionated schedules, short term (4-6 months) and long term (1.5-3 years) ADT are considered the standard of care for unfavorable intermediate and high-risk PCa, respectively. However, in a systematic review/meta-analysis no benefit was found for ADT added to SBRT and similar results were reported also by King et al. in a retrospective study on over 1000 patients. The PACE C trial is one of three cohort of PACE that is multicenter, international phase 3 randomized controlled study. PACE C is set to explore the efficacy of SBRT in combination with ADT for patients with unfavorable intermediate and high-risk PCa and will recruit 1182 patients who will be randomized to receive either hypofractionated RT (60 Gy in 20 fractions) or SBRT delivered with 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. In this scenario, our study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBRT (40 Gy in 5 fractions every other day) coupled with ADT (relugolix 18-24 monthsaccording to clinical care) in patients with localized high-risk PCa.

Первичные конечные точки

• Assessment of treatment efficacy: Biochemical-relapse free survival at 2 years (defined as rising PSA > 2 ng/mL above post-SBRT nadir). [Срок оценки: from baseline to two years]

Вторичные конечные точки (12)

• Biochemical-relapse free survival at 5 years (defined as rising PSA > 2 ng/mL above post-SBRT nadir) [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Distant-metastases free survival at 2 years and 5 years [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Cancer-specific survival at 2 and 5 years [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Percentage analysis of ctDNA [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• The role of ctDNA clearance as a biomarker to intercept the molecular relapse [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• EORTC QLQ-C30 for quality of life [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• EORTC PR-25 questionnaires for the GU, GI and sexual domains at baseline and follow-up visits [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-SF) [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• International Index of Erectile Function 15 Item [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Serum PSA (ng/ml) at follow-up visits [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]
• Testosterone (ng/ml) levels at follow-up visits [Срок оценки: from baseline to 5 years]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Age > 18 years
• ECOG performance status ≤ 2
• Histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma
• High-risk group classification according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), defined by the presence of any one of the following high-risk factors: cT3-cT4 OR Grade Group 4 or Grade Group 5 OR PSA >20 ng/mL
• No pelvic nodal and distant metastases at staging with PSMA-PET
• IPSS ≤ 15 (alpha blockers allowed)
• Life expectancy of > 5 years
• Prostate volume ≤ 100 cc

Критерии исключения

• Previous local radiation treatment of the prostate
• Previous radiotherapy to the pelvis
• Active Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease
• Previous tumors unless disease free for a minimum of 5 years

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Модель наблюдения

Когортное

Центры проведения

Италия · 3 центра

• Humanitas Gavazzeni — Bergamo
• Humanitas PIO X — Milan
• IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital — Rozzano

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06949254 · PROSTAR

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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