Tegoprazan And Lansoprazole Effectiveness in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Treatment

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition characterized by disruption of the gastric and duodenal mucosal lining due to exposure to gastric acid or pepsin. Major causes include Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, gastric bypass surgery, lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, and genetic predisposition. PUD affects 5-10% of the global population and poses a significant healthcare burden, with prevalence rising from 6.43 million to 8.09 million cases between 1990 and 2019.

Current PUD treatment involves acid-suppressing agents and H. pylori eradication when indicated. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) play a key role by irreversibly inhibiting H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in gastric parietal cells, effectively maintaining gastric pH ≥4, which is essential for ulcer healing and preventing complications like bleeding. Lansoprazole, a widely used PPI, has demonstrated strong efficacy, with healing rates of 64%, 75.6%, and 95.7% at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. However, PPIs have limitations, including short plasma half-life, food dependency, breakthrough symptoms, and potential long-term adverse effects such as hypergastrinemia, acid rebound, and gut microbiota alterations.

To overcome these limitations, potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) like vonoprazan and tegoprazan have been developed. PCABs provide faster, more stable, and potent acid suppression compared to PPIs. Unlike PPIs, which require activation in an acidic environment, PCABs directly inhibit H⁺/K⁺ ATPase by competitively binding to potassium sites, offering more predictable pharmacokinetics. Tegoprazan, a newer PCAB, has demonstrated superior acid suppression and a faster onset of action than vonoprazan, making it highly relevant for ulcer healing and preventing nocturnal acid breakthrough.

Studies suggest that PCABs are non-inferior to PPIs in treating PUD, with some data indicating that tegoprazan offers stronger, faster, and more stable acid suppression than vonoprazan. However, no studies have compared the healing rates of tegoprazan and lansoprazole specifically in bleeding PUD patients over a 2-week treatment period. Given the importance of optimizing treatment for bleeding PUD in Indonesia, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of tegoprazan and lansoprazole in ulcer healing over a short-term evaluation period.

This research is expected to contribute to the scientific literature by providing clinical trial data specific to the Indonesian population, inform clinical decision-making by identifying the most effective treatment for bleeding PUD, and ultimately improve patient outcomes by ensuring faster healing and better symptom management.