Investigating Changes in Premonitory Urges During Habit Reversal Training for Tics

Официальное название

Investigating Changes in Premonitory Urges During Habit Reversal Training

Обзор

The primary aim of this study is to learn more about premonitory urges (PU) when using Habit Reversal Training (HRT) to treat tics. The main focus of this study is to investigate if and when PU change during tic treatment sessions and between tic treatment sessions. Participants will: * Attend 5 study visits (approximately 1 to 1.5 hours each) for an intake, habit reversal training for 3 separate tics, and a post assessment * Attend 5 practice sessions (approximately 30 minutes each) over a week for 3 weeks (total 15 practice sessions) * Study visits and practice sessions will take place in person and online via secure videoconference

Подробное описание

Current research has shown that although tics can be effectively reduced with short-term suppression strategies or habit reversal training (HRT), it remains unclear whether improvement in tic symptoms is accompanied by a reduction in premonitory urges (PUs). Premonitory urges are uncomfortable premonitory sensations that signal a tic is about to occur. Most individuals describe these premonitory sensations as an itch, pressure, energy, or other uncomfortable or "not just right" sensation that is usually localized to the area of the body in which the tic occurs. Furthermore, most individuals report that their PUs increase when tics are suppressed and are reduced or eliminated, albeit temporarily, after the tic is executed. Because the execution of tics reduces aversive PUs, it has been hypothesized that they are strengthened, shaped, and maintained, at least in part, by automatic negative reinforcement. Further investigation into the PU-tic association during treatment is needed. A better understanding of how PUs fluctuate during HRT (both within and between sessions) will potentially provide further insight into its underlying mechanism(s). A better understanding of how PUs fluctuate during HRT (both within and between sessions) will potentially provide further insight into its underlying mechanism(s). Specifically, if tics reduce but PU do not reduce when within and between HRT sessions, such findings would cast doubt on the role of habituation and spur the investigation of alternative hypotheses. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature on the model of tic maintenance and reduction and the PU-tic association by investigating individual PU severity fluctuations within and between sessions when using HRT to treat tics. Specifically, the study will examine whether subjective ratings of PUs decrease within and between sessions following HRT, as would be expected from the habituation hypothesis.

The primary aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature on the model of tic maintenance and reduction and the PU-tic association by investigating individual PU severity fluctuations within and between sessions when using HRT to treat tics.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое Habit Reversal Training
  Participants learn to identify when their tics occur and then learn a competing response to engage in instead of the 3 identified tics and then practice competing responses learned in session during the practice sessions throughout the week.

Первичные конечные точки

• Premonitory Urge (PU) Severity as measured by the urge thermometer [Срок оценки: PU severity will be measured during a 10 minute baseline observation; approximately 15 minutes or until 5 CR initiations have occurred, whichever is longer during each of the 3 HRT sessions and 15 practice sessions; during the 15 minute post assessment]

Вторичные конечные точки (1)

• Tic Change as measured by tic counts [Срок оценки: Tics will be counted during a 10 minute baseline observation; approximately 15 minutes or until 5 CR initiations have occurred, whichever is longer during each of the 3 HRT sessions and 15 practice sessions; during the 15 minute post assessment]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

Participants who meet criteria for a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of a TD will be recruited to participate in this study. Participants will be eligible for the study if they

• present with at least three motor and/or vocal tics and are interested in receiving treatment,
• report experiencing a PU for each of their target tics with a minimum rating of a 4/8 on a subjective rating (i.e., the Urge Thermometer; Silverman \& Albano, 1996) for each tic,
• the targeted tics occur, on average, at least once per minute during a 10-minute direct observation,
• are between the ages of 8 and 17
• the patient has no planned changes in medication initiation or dosage during their study participation period.

Критерии исключения

• the presence of any comorbid conditions that are considered a primary treatment concern and/or could interfere with study participation or treatment (i.e., unmanaged ADHD, OCD, anxiety),
• have previously engaged in CBIT or HRT for more than 2 sessions,
• a Yale Global Tic Severity Score of 40+ (or 20+ if they present with a primary motor or vocal tic disorder),
• suspected (based on clinical presentation) that the tics are better attributed to functional neurological symptom disorder per DSM-5-TR criteria (APA, 2022).

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Не применимо

Модель

Одна группа

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Фундаментальное исследование

Центры проведения

США · 1 центр

• University of Utah — Salt Lake City

Публикации

• Woods DW, Walther MR, Bauer CC, Kemp JJ, Conelea CA. The development of stimulus control over tics: a potential explanation for contextually-based variability in the symptoms of Tourette syndrome. Behav Res Ther. 2009 Jan;47(1):41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.013. Epub 2008 Oct 21. PMID 19026406
• Woods DW, Piacentini JC, Scahill L, Peterson AL, Wilhelm S, Chang S, Deckersbach T, McGuire J, Specht M, Conelea CA, Rozenman M, Dzuria J, Liu H, Levi-Pearl S, Walkup JT. Behavior therapy for tics in children: acute and long-term effects on psychiatric and psychosocial functioning. J Child Neurol. 2011 Jul;26(7):858-65. doi: 10.1177/0883073810397046. Epub 2011 May 9. PMID 21555779
• Wilhelm S, Deckersbach T, Coffey BJ, Bohne A, Peterson AL, Baer L. Habit reversal versus supportive psychotherapy for Tourette's disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;160(6):1175-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1175. PMID 12777279
• Wellen BCM, Ramanujam K, Lavelle M, Capriotti MR, Butner J, Euler MJ, Himle MB. A Test of the Behavioral Model of Tic Disorders Using a Dynamical Systems Framework. Behav Ther. 2024 May;55(3):513-527. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.08.010. Epub 2023 Sep 4. PMID 38670665
• Tolin DF, Sain KS, Davis E, Gilliam C, Hannan SE, Springer KS, Stubbing J, George JR, Jean A, Goldblum R, Katz BW, Everhardt K, Darrow S, Ohr EE, Young ME, Serchuk MD. The DIAMOND-KID: Psychometric Properties of a Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 Anxiety, Mood, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Assessment. 2023 Dec;30(8):2351-2363. doi: 10.1177/10 PMID 36632642
• Piacentini J, Woods DW, Scahill L, Wilhelm S, Peterson AL, Chang S, Ginsburg GS, Deckersbach T, Dziura J, Levi-Pearl S, Walkup JT. Behavior therapy for children with Tourette disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1929-37. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.607. PMID 20483969
• McGuire JF, McBride N, Piacentini J, Johnco C, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, Storch EA. The premonitory urge revisited: An individualized premonitory urge for tics scale. J Psychiatr Res. 2016 Dec;83:176-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.007. Epub 2016 Sep 9. PMID 27643476
• Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, Ort SI, Swartz KL, Stevenson J, Cohen DJ. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989 Jul;28(4):566-73. doi: 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00015. PMID 2768151

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06825520 · 00183697

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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