Health Belief Model Based Education for Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs as a result of intolerance of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in an individual whose blood glucose concentration is within normal limits before pregnancy. GDM is an important condition that should be addressed carefully. Because it is one of the most common metabolic diseases during pregnancy and brings risks to the health of the mother, fetus and newborn. The prevalence of GDM is 1-14% without considering geographical changes, and the incidence of Type 2 diabetes diagnosed at the end of pregnancy increases with the increase in the rate of occurrence in fertile obese women. Similar to Type 2 diabetes, the main problem in gestational diabetes is that production is not sufficient for the need due to insulin resistance. In addition to the fact that consuming more calories than normal due to uncontrolled nutrition, increasing the fat rate in the body and exercise and lack of movement are important factors in the emergence of gestational diabetes, hormones such as cortisol, prolactin, human placental lactogen, progesterone, which have an adverse effect on insulin, and placental insulinase enzymes that accelerate insulin destruction also play a major role in the emergence of gestational diabetes. Regardless of the main problem or the type of diabetes, pregnancy complications are related to the degree to which blood glucose cannot be controlled. Pregnancy-related diabetes complications generally consist of two groups. The first group consists of congenital anomalies that occur due to metabolic conditions in the first trimester of pregnancy. A significant increase in blood glucose in the first trimester of pregnancy is one of the most important teratogenic factors. It is reported that approximately 27% of pregnant women with uncontrolled high glucose in the first trimester develop congenital anomalies. It is stated in the literature that providing effective education to individuals with gastrointestinal diabetes facilitates the control of complications that may occur due to diabetes. In addition, the absence of such a study in the literature suggests that our study will make a very good contribution to the literature.To increase self-efficacy in gestational diabetes through training based on the Health Belief Model,