Thalassaemia Severity

Thalassemia syndrome classified as hemoglobinopathies, represent one of the most prevalent classes of single-gene disorders globally. The mutations in the HBB gene lead to variable impacts on the production of globin proteins, which in turn affects the overall function of hemoglobin. The genetic variants contribute significantly to the diverse clinical presentations and severity of thalassemia. Traditionally, thalassemia has been categorized into Major, intermediate, and Minor based on the frequency of blood transfusions required for survival It has been observed that anemia may not be the sole determinant of thalassemic disease severity, other factors are also responsible for overall clinical status.

Accordingly, clinical conditions of the thalassemia patient, cannot classified based on the transfusion status.

Phadke et al. (2006), proposed a classification that considers multiple parameters beyond transfusion status . Similarly, Sripichai et al , (2008) classified HbE/β-thalassemia into the 3 categories of mild, moderate, and severe. Another classification was also introduced by Thalassemia International Federation (TIF) , which 'was bit modification Sripichai et al 2008 . Despite these advancements, existing classifications still tend to simplify thalassemia into three categories Globally, An estimated 1-5% of the global population are carriers of a genetic thalassemia mutation.Although the epidemiology of the various clinical forms remains poorly recognized, the disease is known to be highly prevalent in the area extending from sub-Saharan Africa, through the Mediterranean region and Middle East, to the Indian subcontinent and East and Southeast Asia.Thus, \>90% of patients with these disorders live in low- and middle-income countries