Thorax vs. Trauma Injury Severity Scores as Outcome Predictors in Chest Trauma

Официальное название

Which Score Best Predicts Outcomes in Chest Trauma? A Prospective Comparison of Thorax and Trauma Injury Severity Scores

Обзор

The goal of this observational study is to compare the predictive utility of the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in determining outcomes among patients presenting with chest trauma to the emergency room. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the TTSS provide a more accurate prediction of patient outcomes (e.g., mortality, ICU admission) than the TRISS? Are there specific patient subgroups where one score is more effective than the other? Participants will: Have their chest trauma severity assessed using both TTSS and TRISS during their emergency room admission. Have their clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, ICU admission, length of hospital stay) monitored throughout their hospital stay.

Подробное описание

Trauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Approximately 10% of the burden of disease in adults is due to traumatic injuries. Trauma can lead to serious consequences, including disabilities, psychosocial burdens, and increased mortality among the actively working population. Cardiopulmonary arrest, unplanned admissions to intensive care units, and nosocomial infections are some complications faced by trauma patients admitted to trauma centers. The estimated mortality rate for hospitalized trauma patients is 11%. The in-hospital mortality rate for trauma patients who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is 92.7%. Trauma-related mortality and morbidity depend on injury severity, diagnostic delays, and the time taken to reach a medical facility. Timely evaluation, effective post-trauma care, and appropriate triage can significantly reduce long-term mortality and morbidity among trauma patients, with rapid assessment of trauma severity being crucial for the primary triage of multiple trauma patients.

Trauma scoring systems are essential tools in the medical field for evaluating the severity of injuries and predicting patient outcomes. Two notable scoring systems are the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), each serving unique purposes in assessing thoracic injuries and overall trauma severity. The TTSS was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of thoracic injuries by incorporating both anatomical and physiological parameters. It specifically focuses on various aspects of chest trauma, including:

Age of the patient Ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) Presence of pleural injuries Lung contusions Rib fractures The scoring system ranges from 0 to 25 points, where higher scores indicate more severe injuries and worse prognoses. Research has shown that a TTSS score of 7 or above is highly predictive of morbidity and mortality, achieving 100% sensitivity and 97.73% specificity for poor outcomes in isolated thoracic trauma cases. The TRISS is another critical scoring system used to evaluate overall injury severity across multiple body regions. It is based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS), which categorizes injuries according to their anatomical location using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The ISS is calculated by taking the highest AIS scores from the three most severely injured body regions, squaring them, and summing these values.

Despite their utility, both TTSS and TRISS have limitations, especially when applied to diverse patient populations. The TTSS may not adequately account for the severity of injuries outside the thoracic region, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. For instance, a study highlighted that in patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, only 44% had a TTSS above 8, indicating that critical extra-thoracic injuries were not reflected in the TTSS scoring. Older patients or those with comorbidities may present with less obvious thoracic injuries that the TTSS fails to identify. This oversight can lead to underestimating the risk of complications or mortality, as older individuals often have a higher propensity for severe outcomes despite seemingly minor trauma. The TISS may not capture specific details related to chest trauma effectively. This limitation is crucial in regions with variable healthcare infrastructure, like Iraq, where injury mechanisms and patient demographics can differ widely. The TRISS's general approach may overlook critical factors that influence trauma severity in these populations.

This study seeks to address the specific needs of the Iraqi healthcare system by comparing the TTSS and TRISS as predictive tools for chest trauma outcomes in emergency settings. The aim is to identify which scoring system is more reliable and practical for use in Iraq, considering the unique challenges faced by emergency departments, such as high patient volumes and resource constraints. The research fills a critical gap in the literature by providing data specific to Iraq, where comparative analyses of these scoring systems are lacking. Insights gained from this study could inform local protocols, enhance triage efficiency, and improve patient outcomes in Iraqi emergency departments .

Первичные конечные точки

• In hospital mortality [Срок оценки: In-Hospital Phase (average of 7-10 days through discharge)]
• Accuracy Assessment of Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) [Срок оценки: the first 6 hours after ER admission]
• Accuracy Assessment of Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) [Срок оценки: the first 6 hours after ER admission]

Вторичные конечные точки (2)

• Length of Hospitalization [Срок оценки: Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days]
• Rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) [Срок оценки: Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Patients with chest injuries that require clinical assessment using the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma Injury Severity Score (TISS) within 6 hours of admission.
• Patients (or their legal guardians) must provide informed consent for participation in the study. This ensures ethical standards are maintained.
• Patients presenting with thoracic injuries, including rib fractures, pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and other chest-related injuries. This will include both isolated chest trauma and trauma with multiple injuries

Критерии исключения

• Patients younger than 16 years.
• Patients with chest injuries caused by conditions unrelated to trauma, such as spontaneous pneumothorax, infections, or other medical conditions (e.g., non-traumatic rib fractures or cancer).
• Patients with severe co-morbidities (e.g., terminal illnesses, advanced stages of cancer, or end-stage organ failure) that would significantly affect outcomes unrelated to the chest trauma.
• Patients with pre-existing severe neurological conditions or other comorbidities that would interfere with trauma assessment and clinical management (e.g., severe brain injury, vegetative state).
• Patients or their legal representatives who refuse consent for participation in the study.
• Pregnant women due to potential risks associated with trauma and interventions during pregnancy.

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Модель наблюдения

Когортное

Центры проведения

Ирак · 1 центр

• College of Medicine - Al-Nahrain University — Baghdad

Публикации

• Indurkar SK Sr, Ghormade PS, Akhade S, Sarma B. Use of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) as a Predictor of Patient Outcome in Cases of Trauma Presenting in the Trauma and Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Institute. Cureus. 2023 Jun 14;15(6):e40410. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40410. eCollection 2023 Jun. PMID 37456404
• Zahran, M.R., Elwahab, A.A.E.M.A., El Nasr, M.M.A. et al. Evaluation of the predictive value of thorax trauma severity score (TTSS) in thoracic-traumatized patients. Cardiothorac Surg 28, 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43057-020-0015-7
• Imhoff BF, Thompson NJ, Hastings MA, Nazir N, Moncure M, Cannon CM. Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) in the trauma population: a retrospective study. BMJ Open. 2014 May 2;4(5):e004738. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004738. PMID 24793256
• Karajizadeh M, Nasiri M, Yadollahi M, Zolfaghari AH, Pakdam A. Mortality Prediction from Hospital-Acquired Infections in Trauma Patients Using an Unbalanced Dataset. Healthc Inform Res. 2020 Oct;26(4):284-294. doi: 10.4258/hir.2020.26.4.284. Epub 2020 Oct 31. PMID 33190462
• Konesky KL, Guo WA. Revisiting traumatic cardiac arrest: should CPR be initiated? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018 Dec;44(6):903-908. doi: 10.1007/s00068-017-0875-6. Epub 2017 Nov 25. PMID 29177620
• Mulvey HE, Haslam RD, Laytin AD, Diamond CA, Sims CA. Unplanned ICU Admission Is Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes in Geriatric Trauma Patients. J Surg Res. 2020 Jan;245:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.059. Epub 2019 Aug 5. PMID 31394403
• Todd KH, Lee T, Hoffman JR. The effect of ethnicity on physician estimates of pain severity in patients with isolated extremity trauma. JAMA. 1994 Mar 23-30;271(12):925-8. PMID 8120961
• Mondello S, Cantrell A, Italiano D, Fodale V, Mondello P, Ang D. Complications of trauma patients admitted to the ICU in level I academic trauma centers in the United States. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:473419. doi: 10.1155/2014/473419. Epub 2014 Jun 3. PMID 24995300

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06707441 · UNCOMIRB20241125

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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