Measurement of Osteoarthritic Patient Pain Through Electrodermal Activity Signals

Обзор

This pilot study aims to investigate the viability of using a smartwatch-based electrodermal activity (EDA) sensor to capture enough EDA signal to quantitatively assess pain in osteoarthritis subjects and test the feasibility of its methods and procedures for later use in subsequent larger-scale studies.

Подробное описание

Chronic pain, a disease in its own right, afflicts one in three adults in the US and poses an enormous economic burden ($560-$635 billion annually), more than heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. To treat pain, doctors often prescribe opioids to suffering patients. Paradoxically, prescription opioid abuse has become a national epidemic, costing $500 billion annually in medical, economic, social, and criminal ramifications. However, the development of effective treatment for chronic pain is hampered by the lack of a reliable biomarker that can quantify the level of pain and detect any attenuation after treatment. This is reflected in the failed statistical significance in many clinical trials of drugs for managing chronic pain (e.g., ONO-2952 and Ibodutant) or a large enrollment number being required to reveal significant but small effects (e.g., 1,798 enrollments for the trial on Renzapride).

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been linked with many chronic pain conditions. The ANS is the primary pathway in brain-gut communication and manifests the body's emotional and psychological states. This makes it particularly relevant to pain, which has a strong emotional component. The ANS includes the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous systems (PNS), and chronic pain conditions reportedly correlate with an unchecked predominance of SNS activity and desensitized PNS. Thus, the PNS and SNS are promising targets for developing sensitive and robust biomarkers for chronic pain.

The investigators will leverage the EmbracePlus smartwatch for the non-invasive quantification of both SNS and PNS activities with time- and frequency-domain analysis of EDA. In this proposed pilot study, the investigators aim to establish whether this biomarker for quantifying pain levels shows promise for osteoarthritis patients when detected through a smartwatch. This is intended to be preliminary work to support a grant application for a more extensive study. In this work, the investigators will collect EDA measurements across up to 15 subjects (2/3 with symptomatic osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade \>= 3) and 1/3 control). Each participant's baseline response will first be measured using a thermal grill (a research device commonly used to induce a painful stimulus without injury). Participants will also report their results using a VAS. Then, Participants will be put through three OARSI standardized functional tests: the 30-second chair test, the 40m fast-paced walk, and the stair climb test. During these tests, subjects will receive a handheld clicker to mark moments of their sharpest pain. The results of each test will then be analyzed through a set of time- and frequency-domain analyses of the recorded bio-signals to extract key parameters and measure how well EDA signal detection captured both sharp and dull pain in subjects.

If effective, this method can be particularly useful. Existing commercial wearable sensors can collect patient data for a week at a time. This would allow for the collection of in-vivo and continuous patient pain data, which could greatly enhance the understanding of patient pain both pre- and post-treatment.

Вмешательства

• Устройство Electrodermal Activity signal
  Determining if the electrodermal activity signals, as measured by the Embrace Plus smartwatch) can be used to measure osteoarthritic patient pain levels.

Первичные конечные точки

• :Difference in pain measurements as reported by the participant via a visual analogue scale versus smartwatch reported electrodermal activity sensors [Срок оценки: 40 minutes of test time, occurring all in one day.]
• Patient-reported pain during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 30-second chair test [Срок оценки: 5 minutes]
• Electrodermal activity (EDA) signals during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 30-second chair test [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Concurrent with measurement of patient-reported pain.]
• Patient-reported pain during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 40m fast-paced walk test [Срок оценки: 10 minutes]
• Electrodermal activity (EDA) signals during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 40m fast-paced walk test [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Concurrent with measurement of patient-reported pain.]
• Patient-reported pain during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) stair climb test [Срок оценки: 10 minutes]
• Electrodermal activity (EDA) signals during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) stair climb test [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Concurrent with measurement of patient-reported pain.]
• Accuracy of predicting patient pain from electrodermal activity signal (EDA) during standardized Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) function tests [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Done after all data has been collected.]
• Percentage of correctly identified pain events (Sensitivity) as measured by the smartwatch (True positive events) [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Done after all data has been collected.]
• Percentage of correctly identified non-pain events (Specificity) as measured by the smartwatch (True negative non-events) [Срок оценки: 0 minutes. Done after all data has been collected.]

Критерии участия

Study subjects

Критерии включения

• Kellgren-Lawrence Grade >= 3

Критерии исключения

• Inflammatory arthropathy (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), BMI >=35

Control subjects:

Критерии исключения

• Complaints of lower extremity joint pain
• Known diagnosis of knee osteoarthpathy
• Prior history of knee surgery, knee injections, or injury to knee joints (e.g., meniscus tears, ligamentous injuries), BMI >=35

Both groups, exclusion:

• Subjects with chronic heart problems, including, but not limited to, chronic hypertension, heart palpitations, a weak or irregular heartbeat, or a previous heart attack,
• Subjects taking the following drugs within 12 hours of the experiment or during the experiment: caffeine, alcohol, psychoactive drugs, nicotine or marijuana, other recreational drugs, and medicine of any kind that is not normally taken daily. Such medications include;

• NSAIDs
• Acetaminophen
• Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
• Bronchodilators
• Appetite suppressants
• Lipase inhibitors
• Women who are currently pregnant
• Subjects with Raynaud's syndrome
• Subjects with any of the following conditions: active skin lesions where EDA sensors are, vertigo or dizziness, and anyone with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), peripheral neuropathy, seizure disorders, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), impaired circulation, medical implants, open skin lesions, chronic eczema on hands where EDA and electrical stimulator's electrodes are attached, diabetes, and epilepsy.
• Participants who have a skin sensitivity to metals, have a pacemaker or defibrillator, or have recent head trauma within the past two weeks (even without loss of consciousness)
• Participants who cannot feel physical pain or have a history of self-harm

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Не применимо

Модель

Одна группа

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Диагностика

Центры проведения

США · 1 центр

• Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center — Lebanon

Публикации

• Posada-Quintero HF, Florian JP, Orjuela-Canon AD, Chon KH. Highly sensitive index of sympathetic activity based on time-frequency spectral analysis of electrodermal activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016 Sep 1;311(3):R582-91. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2016. Epub 2016 Jul 20. PMID 27440716
• Posada-Quintero HF, Kong Y, Chon KH. Objective pain stimulation intensity and pain sensation assessment using machine learning classification and regression based on electrodermal activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2021 Aug 1;321(2):R186-R196. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2021. Epub 2021 Jun 16. PMID 34133246

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06701461 · STUDY02002493

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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