Health Promotion Education, Healthy Life Awareness, Salutogenic Health Indicators and Health Literacy

Health promotion is a comprehensive process that includes the support of knowledge, skills, and environmental conditions to improve the health levels of individuals and communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health (WHO, 1986). This approach goes beyond disease prevention and embraces a concept of health that includes physical, mental, and social well-being (Nutbeam, 2000). Health promotion helps individuals adopt healthy lifestyles and positively change their health-related behaviors. It also aims to reduce health inequalities and enables communities to establish sustainable health policies (Green \& Tones, 2010). In nursing practices, health promotion plays a critical role in guiding individuals, educating them, and raising awareness about health.

Emphasizing the importance of health promotion at the start of nursing education is crucial for the professional development of nursing students. Health promotion not only encourages individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles but is also an important step in preventing and improving diseases (Pender et al., 2015). Learning the fundamentals of health promotion during their first year will enable nursing students to provide more informed and effective health counseling in their future clinical experiences (Edelman \& Mandle, 2018). Furthermore, establishing a strong foundation in protecting and promoting individual and community health supports nurses in providing sustainable health services throughout their careers (Whitehead, 2004). Thus, health promotion not only enhances the quality of patient care but also contributes to the mission of protecting public health.

Developing healthy living awareness among first-year nursing students is of great importance for both their individual health and their future professional competencies. Healthy living awareness positively influences students' health behaviors, helping them make more informed health decisions (Whitney, 2018). Awareness of healthy living habits also enables students to gain knowledge about stress management, nutrition, exercise, and sleep, allowing them to perform better in clinical practice (Lenz, 2017). Therefore, developing this awareness at an early stage is essential for individual health sustainability and professional growth. Additionally, acquiring healthy lifestyle habits during their student years allows nurses to guide their future patients more effectively (Pender et al., 2015). In this context, health literacy is highly significant in maintaining health behaviors throughout life.

Health literacy refers to individuals' ability to understand, evaluate, and use health-related information, and developing this skill is critically important for first-year nursing students (Ayaz-Alkaya \& Terzi, 2019; Akca \& Ayaz-Alkaya, 2021). Nurses with a high level of health literacy can interpret health information more effectively, making more informed decisions in patient care and health service delivery (Nutbeam, 2008). Developing this skill in the early years of nursing education equips students to be more prepared for future clinical practice and to successfully guide patient education (Berkman et al., 2011; Sorensen et al., 2012). Therefore, a high level of health literacy is necessary for nursing students both for their individual development and to sustain the health of those they serve.

Salutogenesis is an approach that considers health not merely as the absence of disease but focuses on factors that support and strengthen an individual's health. This concept, developed by Aaron Antonovsky, seeks to explain how individuals can protect their health by increasing their resilience to stress (Antonovsky, 1979). The salutogenesis model is based on the idea that health is a continuous process and evaluates individuals' capacity to cope with stressors through their abilities to comprehend, manage, and find meaning (Lindström \& Eriksson, 2005). In health promotion, this approach is known to empower individuals to take an active role in maintaining and improving their health. Salutogenesis is particularly used as a guide in nursing for care and education models that promote healthy living habits in individuals (Eriksson \& Lindström, 2008). It is considered important to foster the salutogenic health of nursing students starting from their school years.

A review of the literature reveals no studies specifically focused on improving salutogenic health and health literacy levels in first-year nursing students. This study aims to draw attention to the importance of the topic.