Emotion, Aging, and Forgiveness: Protocol for a Feasibility of Randomized Controlled Trial

Официальное название

Emotion, Aging and Forgiveness: Protocol of a Feasibility and Acceptability Study of Emotion-Focused Therapy for Older Individuals

Обзор

Over recent decades, Emotion-Focused Therapy, aging, and forgiveness have garnered significant attention in the field of psychology. However, there is a lack of studies on Emotion-Focused Therapy and forgiveness specifically tailored for older adults. This article describes a protocol to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Emotion-Focused Therapy for the resolution of emotional injury in individuals over the age of 65 in the context of interpersonal offenses. The study is structured as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized trial with a waiting list control. We propose recruiting a sample of 70 participants, randomly assigned to either an immediate intervention group, which will receive Emotion-Focused Therapy over twelve weekly sessions, or a control group that will receive the same therapy after a twelve-week waiting period. Data will be collected in the beginning, middle, and at the end of therapy, and in two planned follow-ups (three and six months after therapy). Once this protocol is implemented, if the therapy proves to be feasible, acceptable, and shows promising results, the findings will inform a large-scale randomized clinical trial to advance the understanding of psychotherapy.

Вмешательства

• Другое Emotion-Focused Therapy
  This feasibility protocol is a two-arm, parallel, double-blinded, RCT aimed at informing a future trial assessing the effectiveness of EFT in resolving emotional injuries in older adults in the context of interpersonal offenses.

Первичные конечные точки

• Enright Forgiveness Inventory-EFI [Срок оценки: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks]
• Letting Go (assessed through the Letting Go Measure; Greenberg et al., 2008): [Срок оценки: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks]
• The Unfinished Business Feelings and Needs Scale (UFB FN-Greenberg et al., 2008;) [Срок оценки: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks]

Вторичные конечные точки (2)

• The European Portuguese World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment in Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) [Срок оценки: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks]
• The Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15; Matos et al., 2019; Yesavage & Sheikh, 1986) [Срок оценки: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Our eligibility criteria include being 65 years or older, having experienced an interpersonal offense, residing at home or in a senior residence, stable prescribed medication use, scoring ≥ 26 on the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and fluency in Portuguese or English.

Критерии исключения

• Exclusion criteria include reporting an offense which is less than a year old, severe emotional injuries (such as being a victim of domestic violence or abuse), psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation, parasuicidal behavior, recent loss of a loved one, involvement in other therapies or clinical studies, current alcohol or drug abuse, living with another participant, and frequent hospitalizations.

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Двойное слепое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

Португалия · 1 центр

• Av. Carlos Oliveira Campos - Castelo da Maia 4475-690 Avioso S. Pedro — Maia

Публикации

• Buzgova R, Kozakova R, Bobcikova K, Zelenikova R. Predictors of life satisfaction in elders living at home in the Czech Republic. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 30;18(3):e0283772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283772. eCollection 2023. PMID 36996129
• Lopez J, Serrano MI, Gimenez I, Noriega C. Forgiveness Interventions for Older Adults: A Review. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 26;10(9):1866. doi: 10.3390/jcm10091866. PMID 33925790
• Band-Winterstein T, Eisikovits Z, Brownell P, King A. Introduction: exploring older women's perspectives on lifetime abuse. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2024; 36(2):91-92. 10.1080/08946566.2024.2332141.
• Toussaint LL, Worthington EL, Williams DR, eds. Forgiveness and Health: Scientific Evidence and Theories Relating Forgiveness to Better Health. Springer; 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9993-5.
• Greenberg LJ, Warwar SH, Malcolm WM. Differential effects of Emotion-Focused Therapy and psychoeducation in facilitating forgiveness and letting go of emotional injuries. J Couns Psychol. 2008; 55(2):185-96. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.185.
• Almeida, B., Cunha, C. Time, resentment, and forgiveness: Impact on the well-being of older adults. Trends in Psychology. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-023-00343-2
• Enright RD, Fitzgibbons RP. Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. American Psychological Association; 2015. doi: 10.1037/14526-000.
• Meneses CW, Greenberg LS. Forgiveness and letting go in Emotion-Focused Therapy. American Psychological Association; 2019. doi: 10.1037/0000144-000.

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06679452 · University Maia

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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