Effectiveness of Online Program and Task-related Training for Parkinson's Disease

This study aims to answer two major research questions. First, the investigators will investigate the potential impact of motor and non-motor symptoms on activity participation and quality of life for people with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). Second, the investigators will compare and examine the effectiveness of online self-management programs and on-site task-related training for people with early-stage Parkinson's disease on activity participation and quality of life.

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that hand function impairment may be one of the early motor symptoms and precursor markers of Parkinson's disease. Compared to only receiving drug treatment, additional interventions such as exercise training, environmental adjustments, cognitive behavior and self-management can effectively improve the execution of daily activities and improve the quality of life of patients.

Method: The investigators plan to recruit 100 participants within three years and randomly assign them to one of the following three groups: control group, online self-management program group, and on-site task-related training group.

Participants: People with early-stage Parkinson's disease (age range: 45-70 years).

Procedure: The control group will receive no treatment during the experimental period. For the other two groups, participants will receive the intervention twice a week, one hour per session, and 12 sessions in total. The online self-management program will be an individualized self-management program provided remotely by certified occupational therapists. The on-site task-related training program will include balance and exercise, hand function, and functional task training.

Outcome measures: The assessment will be performed before intervention, after the completion of intervention, and 6 months after the post-test. Prior to the experiment, the investigatorswill conduct a pretest. Then, the investigators will conduct a post-test (after intervention) to ensure the short-term effects.

Follow-up: After six months of completing the post-test, the cases will undergo a second post-test to understand the long-term effects.

Statistical analysis: This study will use two-way repeated measured ANOVA design.The independent variables consist of two factors: the first is the between-group factor, which is the intervention method (control group vs.online self-management program group vs. physical task-related training group); the second is the within-group factor, which is time (pretest vs. first post-test vs. second post-test (follow-up).

• Time up and go test (TUG) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• Grip Strength measure [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• Pinch Strength measure [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• Hand length measure [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention)]
• The University of Pennsylvania Smell Inventory Test (UPSIT) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention)]
• International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• WHOQOL-bref Taiwan version [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up (6 months after intervention)]
• Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up ( 6 months after intervention)]
• Home activity log [Срок оценки: Within the intervention (6 weeks)]
• General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) [Срок оценки: Baseline (before intervention), week 6 (after intervention), follow-up ( 6 months after intervention)]