Character-Strengths Based Coaching For Work-Stress Reduction For Health Workers

Официальное название

A Character-Strengths Based Coaching Program for Rural Community Health Workers to Address Their Work Stress in India: Protocol for a Two-arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Обзор

The purpose of this two-arm, parallel group individual randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a character-strengths based coaching intervention consisting of a five-day residential workshop focusing on the use of character-strengths to address work-stress in routine situations supplemented by 8- to 10-week remote telephonic weekly coaching sessions to support rural health workers, as they face stressful situations and apply the strategies learnt in the workshop. The arms are: the character-strengths based intervention added to routine health worker supervision (weekly, by the supervisor) and routine supervision alone (control arm). The target sample comprises 330 government contracted 'ASHAs' (rural resident women, lay health workers) in the Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh, one of the most populous and poorest of the states in India. Scores on the 'Authentic Happiness Inventory (AHI)' will serve as the primary outcome for self-reported wellbeing and will be compared between arms at 3-month follow-up. Secondary ASHA-level outcomes will include assessment of self-reported affect, self-efficacy, flourishing, burnout, and motivation. We will also collect exploratory outcomes, including routine service delivery indicators to assess any effect of changes in well-being on ASHA's regular work performance, and resulting patient-level outcomes like satisfaction with services, and depression severity levels after receiving community-based depression care delivered by the ASHAs. We will also evaluate the costs of delivering the intervention and those incurred by ASHAs due to their participation in the intervention. Assessors blind to participant allocation will collect outcomes at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up, as well as at 6-month follow-up, to ascertain differences in outcomes between arms. In addition, scores of ASHAs' self-perceived character strengths will be collected at baseline and 3-month follow-up as exploratory variables.

Подробное описание

Character strengths-based interventions are found to be effective in improving well-being and reducing burnout amongst healthcare workers. But there is scarce knowledge on the use of structured positive psychology interventions for reduced work-stress and improving mental wellbeing of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). ASHAs are village level community lay health care workers who provide the bulk of the health care services in rural India. ASHAs are overworked and underpaid and subjected to considerable stress for both professional and domestic reasons (being married, rural, traditional women). This study will test the effectiveness of a 'character-strengths' based coaching intervention on ASHAs' self-reported wellbeing.

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned coaching intervention compared with routine supervision (delivered by one ASHA supervisor, weekly, face-to-face, typically in groups of \~20 ASHAs) on self-reported wellbeing score at 3-month follow-up. In this trial, a total of 330 ASHAs will be recruited in Sehore District of Madhya Pradesh, a large and predominantly rural state situated in central India.

The development of the coaching intervention (published elsewhere, Khan A et al., 2023) involved: (1) formative work, (2) blueprint development, (3) content development, (4) content-testing, and focus groups discussions to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, specifically the coaching workshop. This was followed by thematic qualitative analysis of ASHA perspectives/feedback to inform further modifications to the workshop. Intervention development occurred over 11 months, and the final coaching material consisted of a 'content manual' (for ASHAs) with four modules including character-strengths based 'strategies' to address challenges/stressors arising at health facilities, village communities and homes. Coaching material also included a workshop 'facilitator's manual' having session-wise detailed instructions, a list of 'energizers' and plans for the coaching workshop; and a protocol for remote telephonic coaching support to provide follow-on weekly support to ASHAs (typically 30-45 minute phone-calls) as they resume work (and experience stressors) and reinforce the learnings of the workshop.

This trial will determine whether character-strengths based coaching is an effective and scalable approach for reducing work-stress and improving mental wellbeing of rural ASHAs in low-resource settings. The findings from this trial will inform broader efforts to develop similar stress-reduction interventions, which are necessary for related cadres (e.g., nurse midwives, rural doctors) in low-resource settings in India and other low- and middle-income countries.

Вмешательства

• Поведенческое Character Strengths Based Coaching Support
  Residential (five day) workshop and remote (weekly) telephonic support for 8 to 10 weeks
• Поведенческое Routine Supervision
  Weekly face-to-face supervision by supervisor in groups of \~20 (1 supervisor for \~20 health workers)

Первичные конечные точки

• Mean score on the Authentic Happiness Inventory (AHI) [Срок оценки: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up]

Вторичные конечные точки (5)

• Mean score on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [Срок оценки: Baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up]
• Mean score on Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI) [Срок оценки: Baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up]
• Mean score on Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES) [Срок оценки: Baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up]
• Mean score on the Emotional exhaustion sub-scale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) [Срок оценки: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up]
• Mean score on the motivation scale for Indian frontline workers [Срок оценки: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• All rural ASHAs residing and working in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh (verified in the health system records) and who have been trained by the study team on delivering community-based depression care

Критерии исключения

• ASHAs who plan to migrate within six months of recruitment
• ASHAs who do not plan to continue working, or those who have resigned or planning to change jobs within six months of recruitment
• ASHAs with urban catchment areas
• ASHA supervisors will not be included owing to hierarchical differences in these two cadres and their potential effects on absorption of intervention content, and thereby on their wellbeing (primary outcome of interest)
• ASHAs who have difficulties in using a smartphone

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Параллельные группы

Маскирование

Простое слепое

Основная цель

Организация здравоохранения

Центры проведения

Индия · 1 центр

• Sangath Bhopal Hub — Bhopal

Публикации

• Khan, A., Sharma, L., Agrawal, S. et al. Development of a character-strengths based coaching program for rural community health workers to address their work stress in Madhya Pradesh, India. Curr Psychol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04673-3

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT06013488 · TWCF0635

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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