Tenofovir Alafenamide Switch Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B

Официальное название

A Prospective Cohort Study of Tenofovir Alafenamide Switch Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Who Are Unsatisfied to Entecavir Therapy

Обзор

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients may be unsatisfied to entecavir (ETV) therapy due to the inconvenience in drug taking, i.e., fasting for more than 2 hours and/or dose adjustment according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been approved to be highly effective and safe in patients with CHB, and is convenient in drug taking, i.e., once daily regardless food taking and renal function.Therefore,TAF can be a good option in CHB patients who are unsatisfied to ETV therapy. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to assess the improvement on satisfaction (including drug adherence) of TAF switch therapy in CHB patients who are unsatisfied to ETV therapy. In addition, with expected adherence improvement in TAF switch therapy, the efficacy of TAF switch therapy may be improved, and the efficacy benefits can be evaluated by the changes of some novel biomarkers, such as HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg). The investigators therefore aim to conduct a prospective cohort study of TAF switch therapy for CHB patients who are unsatisfied to ETV therapy.

Подробное описание

Although nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy can effectively suppress HBV replication, the ideal therapeutic endpoints, including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) seroclearance, is difficult to achieve.(1) Therefore, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients often require long-term HBV suppression to achieve the therapeutic goals, with the adherence to long-term NA therapy being an important clinical issue.(2, 3) ETV is one of the standard treatments for CHB,(4, 5) but its absorption can be significantly reduced by food.(6) ETV users must take the pills two hours before or after meals, and the blood level of ETV may thus be affected if this recommendation is not fully followed.In addition, the metabolism of ETV is involved by renal excretion, therefore the dosage of ETV should be adjusted according to renal function.(7) For example, among patients in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4, i.e.,eGRF15-29 ml/min/1.73m, the frequency of ETV taking should be reduced from once daily to every 72-96 hours, which may be forgettable and inconvenient to ETV users.However, the adherence of NA therapy is an essential part for long-term HBV suppression, and the efficacy of ETV therapy may be affected by the reduced adherence during long-term therapy.

Except ETV, TAF is also a HBV antiviral recommended by the current practice guidelines in the treatment of CHB, with a high potency in antiviral efficacy and low rate in virological resistance.(4, 5) In addition, TAF can be a 2nd-line rescue antiviral recommendation for HBV with resistance to ETV therapy.(4, 5) Moreover, because TAF is formulated to deliver the active metabolite to target cells more efficiently than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at a much lower dose, thereby reducing systemic exposure to tenofovir. In the randomized controlled trials,(8, 9) patients in the TAF arm had improved renal function and bone marrow density (BMD),as compared to patients in the TDF arm. Furthermore, in some retrospective studies, switching from ETV to TAF may present a superior efficacy in HBV DNA suppression and HBsAg level reduction,(10-13) and renal safety was comparable between the TAF switch group and the ETV continuation group.(10, 11) Interestingly, switching from ETV to TAF is associated with improvement of the medication adherence,(6) which may be particularly important to patients under long-term NA therapy.

In a small retrospective study conducted in Japan,(14) medication adherence and satisfaction were compared between before and after switch antiviral therapy in patients who switched to TAF from ETV (n = 15), and medication adherence was found to be significantly improved (P = 0.04). In a prospective study aimed to evaluate the changes of serum HBsAg levels during a 48-week period after switching ETV to TAF,(6) the degree of HBsAg reduction was higher during the TAF administration period than during the ETV administration period in patients without cirrhosis, with genotype B HBV, or with undetectable serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg).The HBV cccDNA-related biomarkers, such as quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) or HBcrAg, have been considered important outcome predictors.(15, 16) With expected adherence improvement in TAF switch therapy, the changes of above-mentioned biomarkers may be improved. The investigators therefore aim to conduct a prospective cohort study of TAF switch therapy for CHB patients who are unsatisfied to ETV therapy.

Вмешательства

• Препарат tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)
  TAF switch therapy in CHB patients who are unsatisfied to ETV therapy.

Первичные конечные точки

• Rate/ concentration of renal function markers [Срок оценки: week 48]
• HBV viral load [Срок оценки: week 48]
• The satisfaction (including drug adherence) to TAF switch therapy [Срок оценки: week 48]

Вторичные конечные точки (4)

• Rate/ concentration of renal function markers [Срок оценки: week 144]
• HBV viral load [Срок оценки: week 144]
• The satisfaction (including drug adherence) to TAF switch therapy [Срок оценки: week 144]
• Concentration of biochemical markers [Срок оценки: week 144]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• At least 20 years of age
• Detectable serum HBsAg
• Chronic HBV infection under ETV therapy
• ETV users who are unsatisfied with the efficacy and/or feel inconvenient of ETV therapy
• No contraindications for TAF switch therapy
• HBV antiviral period expectancy for at least 1 year

Критерии исключения

• End stage renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[eGRF\]< 15 mL/min/1.73m2) without dialysis
• Co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, or hepatitis D virus
• Any active malignancies
• Under immunosuppressants
• Known allergy to tenofovir-contained regimens

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Модель наблюдения

Когортное

Центры проведения

Тайвань · 1 центр

• Taichung Veterans General Hospital — Taichung

Публикации

• Lok AS, Zoulim F, Dusheiko G, Ghany MG. Hepatitis B cure: From discovery to regulatory approval. J Hepatol. 2017 Oct;67(4):847-861. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Aug 1. PMID 28778687
• Sheppard-Law S, Zablotska-Manos I, Kermeen M, Holdaway S, Lee A, George J, Zekry A, Maher L. Factors associated with non-adherence to HBV antiviral therapy. Antivir Ther. 2018;23(5):425-433. doi: 10.3851/IMP3219. PMID 29355830
• Lee SS, Havens JP, Sayles HR, O'Neill JL, Podany AT, Swindells S, Scarsi KK, Bares SH. A pharmacist-led medication switch protocol in an academic HIV clinic: patient knowledge and satisfaction. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 6;18(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3226-2. PMID 29980192
• Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Brown RS Jr, Bzowej NH, Wong JB. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018 Apr;67(4):1560-1599. doi: 10.1002/hep.29800. No abstract available. PMID 29405329
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017 Aug;67(2):370-398. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 Apr 18. PMID 28427875
• Uchida Y, Nakao M, Tsuji S, Uemura H, Kouyama JI, Naiki K, Motoya D, Sugawara K, Nakayama N, Imai Y, Tomiya T, Mochida S. Significance of switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog used to treat Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. J Med Virol. 2020 Mar;92(3):329-338. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25644. Epub 2019 Dec 9. PMID 31777965
• Yan JH, Bifano M, Olsen S, Smith RA, Zhang D, Grasela DM, LaCreta F. Entecavir pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability after multiple ascending doses in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;46(11):1250-8. doi: 10.1177/0091270006293304. PMID 17050790
• Chan HL, Fung S, Seto WK, Chuang WL, Chen CY, Kim HJ, Hui AJ, Janssen HL, Chowdhury A, Tsang TY, Mehta R, Gane E, Flaherty JF, Massetto B, Gaggar A, Kitrinos KM, Lin L, Subramanian GM, McHutchison JG, Lim YS, Acharya SK, Agarwal K; GS-US-320-0110 Investigators. Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a rand PMID 28404091

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT05583006 · CE22348B

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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