Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Supplementation for Long-term Diarrhea Sequelae

Обзор

Children in low- and middle-income countries who are hospitalized for diarrhea and also have malnutrition are at high risk for illness and death in the 6 months period following treatment for diarrhoea despite receiving current guideline recommended diarrhea management (such as oral rehydration solution, or "ORS"). This study will test whether nutritional supplements made from milk (lactoferrin or lysozyme) or a combination of the two (lactoferrin and lysozyme) will prevent children from having repeated diarrhea episodes and help improve their nutrition by improving their stomach health or preventing new disease during this 6-month period. The study is taking place at 7 hospitals in Western Kenya. Six hundred participants will be enrolled if they provide informed consent to participate, are aged 6-24 months, were hospitalized with diarrhea and malnutrition and have been managed by the facility nutritionists and ready to return home. Participation in the study will entail providing information on the child's health history, collection of stool samples, blood, and potentially urine. The caregiver will be provided sachets of the investigational product to take home and mix daily with their child's porridge or other complimentary food, and asked to return to the clinic 4 times in the subsequent 6 months, and also consent to having a community health worker visit their home every two weeks for a follow up visit. The risks to the participant and their caregiver are minimal. The information gained in this study will help us create new treatments and develop new strategies to treat sick children to prevent death and illness.

Подробное описание

Current diarrhea management strategies in low- and middle-income countries (oral rehydration solution, ReSoMal and zinc) focus primarily on the management of dehydration and micronutrient replacement and appear to have negligible impact in preventing future diarrheal episodes or improving nutritional outcomes. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are milk-derived nutritional supplements that may reduce the risk of diarrheal episodes and accelerate nutritional recovery by treating or preventing underlying enteric infections and/or improving enteric function. Children with moderate or severe wasting are at particularly high-risk of death, diarrhea recurrence, and nutritional deterioration following a diarrheal episode. This factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial aims to determine the efficacy of lactoferrin and lysozyme supplementation in decreasing diarrhea incidence and improving nutritional recovery in children convalescing from diarrhea and wasting. We will explore whether these interventions improve outcomes by reducing enteric pathogens, improving enteric function and/or increasing hemoglobin concentrations in these children. This study aims to enroll 600 Kenyan children aged 6-24 months from facilities in Western Kenya. Enrolled children will be randomized to 16-weeks of lactoferrin, lysozyme, a combination of the two, or placebo and be followed up for 24 weeks total, with bi-weekly home visits by community health workers and clinic visits at 4, 10, 16, and 24 weeks. Results of this study will inform management strategies for children with moderate/severe wasting at high risk for mortality, morbidity, and nutritional deterioration following diarrhea.

Aim 1: To determine whether a 16-week course of lactoferrin, lysozyme or a combination of both shortens time to WHO-defined recovery from wasting (MUAC ≥12.5cm) and reduces the incidence of moderate-to-severe diarrhea during the subsequent 6-months following presentation to a health facility with diarrhea among children with moderate/severe childhood wasting (MUAC \<12.5 cm at the time of screening).

Hypothesis: Children randomized to lactoferrin, lysozyme, or the combination of both will experience a lower incidence of moderate-to-severe diarrhea and an earlier recovery from wasting (increased MUAC) over the subsequent 6-months than placebo-treated children. Combination therapy will provide synergistic benefit in reducing diarrhea and improving nutritional recovery.

Aim 2: To explore whether a 16-week course of lactoferrin, lysozyme or combination therapy improves secondary clinical, nutritional, enteric pathogen, and enteric function outcomes.

Hypothesis: Children randomized to lactoferrin, lysozyme, or the combination will experience fewer hospitalizations and deaths, improved linear growth, a reduced prevalence of specific enteric bacteria associated with linear growth failure (Campylobacter, LT-ETEC, EAEC, typical EPEC and/or Shigella), improved markers of enteric dysfunction (myeloperoxidase, alpha antitrypsin, neopterin, and the lactulose:rhamnose ratio) and improved hemoglobin, as compared to placebo-treated children.

Aim 3: To evaluate acceptability, adherence and cost-effectiveness of lactoferrin and/or lysozyme in Kenya.

Hypothesis: Both therapies will be highly acceptable to caregivers and health workers. Adherence to the therapies will be high among participants (≥ 95%). Lactoferrin and lysozyme, alone and in combination, will be more cost-effective interventions for reducing moderate-to-severe diarrhea in the short-term as compared to the standard-of-care.

Вмешательства

• Пищевая добавка Lactoferrin
  Caregivers of children will be instructed to provide 1.5g of lactoferrin with 40g of unmodified rice powder daily mixed with 125 mL of porridge or other complimentary food.
• Пищевая добавка Lysozyme
  Caregivers of children will be instructed to provide 41.5g of Lysosure daily mixed with 125 mL of porridge or other complimentary food.
• Комбинированный продукт Lactoferrin + Lysozyme
  Caregivers of children will be instructed to provide 40g of Lysosure with 1.5 grams of lactoferrin daily mixed with 125 mL of porridge or other complimentary food.
• Другое Placebo
  Caregivers of children will be instructed to provide 41.5 grams of unmodified rice powder daily mixed with 125 mL of porridge or other complimentary food.

Первичные конечные точки

• Incidence of moderate-to-severe diarrhea [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Time to nutritional recovery [Срок оценки: 6 months]

Вторичные конечные точки (12)

• Incidence of diarrhea (any severity) [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Incidence of severe diarrhea [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Incidence of dysentery [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Incidence of medically-attended diarrhea [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Cumulative duration of diarrhea [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Proportion of children who recovered from wasting based on two consecutive MUAC measurements ≥12.5 at any point during the follow-up period. [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Incidence of hospitalization [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Composite outcome of time to hospitalization and death [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Hemoglobin concentration [Срок оценки: Measured at week 16]
• Change in length for age z-score (linear growth) [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Change in weight for length z-score [Срок оценки: 6 months]
• Change in mid-upper arm circumference (cm) [Срок оценки: 6 months]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Age 6-24 months
• Managed as an outpatient or inpatient for diarrhea at one of the recruiting sites
• MUAC <12.5 cm at the time of screening
• Plan to stay within the study area for the next 6 months or greater

Критерии исключения

• Age younger than 6 months or older than 24 months
• Caregiver does not provide consent to study participation
• History of 2 or more blood transfusions in the past 12 months
• Exclusively breastfeeding at the time of enrollment
• History of congenital defect or syndrome that prevents age-appropriate feeding (e.g. cleft palate)
• History of allergy to dairy products
• Child is not ready to return home (is not yet discharged), or discharged against medical advice
• Unwilling to participate in the dual sugar permeability sub-study if selected
• Enrollment in another study

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Да

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Рандомизированное

Модель

Факторный дизайн

Маскирование

Четверное слепое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

Kenya · 4 центра

• Homa Bay County Referral Hospital — Homa Bay
• Isebania Sub-County Hospital — Isibania
• Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital — Kisii
• Rongo Sub-County Hospital — Rongo

Публикации

• Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-McGregor S, Katz J, Martorell R, Uauy R; Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):427-451. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X. Epub 2013 Jun 6. PMID 23746772
• Tickell KD, Pavlinac PB, John-Stewart GC, Denno DM, Richardson BA, Naulikha JM, Kirera RK, Swierczewski BE, Singa BO, Walson JL. Impact of Childhood Nutritional Status on Pathogen Prevalence and Severity of Acute Diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Nov;97(5):1337-1344. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0139. PMID 29140236
• Talbert A, Ngari M, Bauni E, Mwangome M, Mturi N, Otiende M, Maitland K, Walson J, Berkley JA. Mortality after inpatient treatment for diarrhea in children: a cohort study. BMC Med. 2019 Jan 28;17(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1258-0. PMID 30686268
• Tickell KD, Sharmin R, Deichsel EL, Lamberti LM, Walson JL, Faruque ASG, Pavlinac PB, Kotloff KL, Chisti MJ. The effect of acute malnutrition on enteric pathogens, moderate-to-severe diarrhoea, and associated mortality in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study cohort: a post-hoc analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Feb;8(2):e215-e224. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30498-X. PMID 31981554
• Brander RL, Pavlinac PB, Walson JL, John-Stewart GC, Weaver MR, Faruque ASG, Zaidi AKM, Sur D, Sow SO, Hossain MJ, Alonso PL, Breiman RF, Nasrin D, Nataro JP, Levine MM, Kotloff KL. Determinants of linear growth faltering among children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. BMC Med. 2019 Nov 25;17(1):214. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1441-3. PMID 31767012
• Cheng WD, Wold KJ, Bollinger LB, Ordiz MI, Shulman RJ, Maleta KM, Manary MJ, Trehan I. Supplementation With Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Ameliorates Environmental Enteric Dysfunction: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Apr;114(4):671-678. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000170. PMID 30829679
• Ochoa TJ, Chea-Woo E, Baiocchi N, Pecho I, Campos M, Prada A, Valdiviezo G, Lluque A, Lai D, Cleary TG. Randomized double-blind controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin for prevention of diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 2013 Feb;162(2):349-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.043. Epub 2012 Aug 30. PMID 22939927
• Zavaleta N, Figueroa D, Rivera J, Sanchez J, Alfaro S, Lonnerdal B. Efficacy of rice-based oral rehydration solution containing recombinant human lactoferrin and lysozyme in Peruvian children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Feb;44(2):258-64. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31802c41b7. PMID 17255841

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT05519254 · STUDY00011759 · 1R01HD103642-01

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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