The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in the Treatment of Lichen Planus Pigmentosus and Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans

Обзор

There are currently no effective treatments for lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) and erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP). Tranexamic acid, which may downregulate pigmentation through a reduction in plasmin, has been shown to decrease pigmentation in patients with melasma, another pigmentary disorder. Given that LPP, EDP, and melasma are all disorders of pigmentation with dermal involvement, it is possible that tranexamic acid can also reduce pigmentation in LPP and EDP as well.

Подробное описание

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) and erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) (also known as ashy dermatosis (AD)) are two conditions on the spectrum of dermal pigmentary disorders. LPP typically affects skin phototypes III-V and has involvement of sun exposed areas or intertriginous areas. It presents as irregularly shaped or oval grey-brown macules and patches that are typically asymptomatic, but can have mild pruritus and burning. EDP, on the other hand, presents as grey-brown macules and patches in sun-protected sites and may have an early inflammatory phase with an erythematous border. It is typically asymptomatic, but can also be mildly pruritic. There is significant histologic overlap between the two conditions including basal cell degeneration, a mild perivascular or band-like infiltrate in the upper dermis, and dermal melanophages.

Multiple treatments for these conditions, including topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical retinoids, chemical peels, minocycline, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, griseofulvin, and systemic steroids have been reported in the literature. However, none of these have been effective consistently.

Tranexamic acid (TA) is a synthetic analog of lysine, and serves as a fibrinolytic agent by binding lysine sites on fibrinogen. Commonly used in surgery to prevent bleeding, it has recently been used in dermatology for the treatment of melasma. Melasma is a pigmentary disorder characterized by hyperpigmented patches in sun-exposed areas, often in response to hormones, sunlight, and other factors. The proposed mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in decreasing pigmentation in this condition is that it decreases inflammation by decreasing dermal angiogenesis and inhibits UV induced plasmin activity in keratinocytes. Plasmin activity can increase melanogenic factors, leading to increased pigmentation. In a study by Lee et al., when administered orally at a dose of 250mg twice daily over approximately 4 months, 89.7 % of patients had documented improvement in pigmentation. Of those who improved, the median lightening was approximately 50%, which is significant. Other studies have also shown promising results.

Вмешательства

• Препарат Tranexamic acid tablets
  325mg of tranexamic acid twice daily for six months

Первичные конечные точки

• Change in Pigmentation using Colorimetry [Срок оценки: 11 visits over 270 days]
• Change in Pigmentation using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy [Срок оценки: 11 visits over 270 days]

Вторичные конечные точки (2)

• Change in Erythema using Colorimetry [Срок оценки: 11 visits over 270 days]
• Change in Erythema using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy [Срок оценки: 11 visits over 270 days]

Критерии участия

Критерии включения

• Subject age 18 and older
• Subject with a diagnosis of LPP, EDP, or AD
• Subject able to understand requirements of the study and risks involved
• Subject able to sign a consent form
• Subject to have discontinued all topical or oral medications, with the exception of sunscreen, used to treat pigmentary abnormalities one month prior to treatment

Критерии исключения

• Personal history of clotting disorder or thromboembolic disease (deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, etc)
• Active malignancy, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer
• Moderate to severe renal impairment
• History of migraine with aura
• Current anticoagulant therapy
• Current use of hormonal contraception or hormone replacement therapy in the last 30 days
• A woman who is lactating, pregnant, or planning to become pregnant

Критерии приведены из реестра в оригинале (на английском). Окончательную оценку соответствия проводит исследовательский центр.

Здоровые добровольцы: Нет

Дизайн исследования

Распределение

Не применимо

Модель

Одна группа

Маскирование

Открытое

Основная цель

Лечение

Центры проведения

США · 1 центр

• New Center One — Detroit

Публикации

• Bala HR, Lee S, Wong C, Pandya AG, Rodrigues M. Oral Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Melasma: A Review. Dermatol Surg. 2018 Jun;44(6):814-825. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001518. PMID 29677015
• Ghosh A, Coondoo A. Lichen Planus Pigmentosus: The Controversial Consensus. Indian J Dermatol. 2016 Sep-Oct;61(5):482-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.190108. PMID 27688435
• Kanwar AJ, Dogra S, Handa S, Parsad D, Radotra BD. A study of 124 Indian patients with lichen planus pigmentosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003 Sep;28(5):481-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01367.x. PMID 12950331
• Kim SJ, Park JY, Shibata T, Fujiwara R, Kang HY. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of topical tranexamic acid in melasma. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016 Jul;41(5):480-5. doi: 10.1111/ced.12835. Epub 2016 May 2. PMID 27135282
• Lee HC, Thng TG, Goh CL. Oral tranexamic acid (TA) in the treatment of melasma: A retrospective analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Aug;75(2):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 May 17. PMID 27206758
• Molinar VE, Taylor SC, Pandya AG. What's new in objective assessment and treatment of facial hyperpigmentation? Dermatol Clin. 2014 Apr;32(2):123-35. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2013.12.008. PMID 24679999

Идентификаторы

NCT: NCT04233749 · 15107

Первоисточники (государственные реестры)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH, США)

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