Effects of Using Miswak in Addition to Oral Hygiene Products in Patients With Gingivitis
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: Miswak, Toothpaste.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Gingivitis; Chronic. Basic parameters: 18 years — 60 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Turkey (Türkiye)
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
Unsure about the terms? Read our patient guide →
Overview
This pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of miswak use on the oral biological environment by comparing biochemical parameters obtained from saliva and dental plaque samples collected from individuals who use miswak and controls. A total of 36 healthy volunteers will be enrolled in the study, including 18 miswak+rutine oral hygiene products users and 18 rutine oral hygiene products. Periodontal clinical parameters will be recorded, and saliva and supragingival dental plaque samples will be collected from all participants. The collected samples will be analysed for biomarkers associated with periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress levels will be measured using biochemical analysis. The findings of this study are expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the biological effects of miswak on oral health and contribute to the current understanding of its potential role as an adjunctive oral hygiene tool.
Interventions
- Combination product Miswak
Participants used miswak (Salvadora persica L.) as an adjunct to toothbrushing, five times per day, for one month before periodontal treatment. - Other Toothpaste
Participants used a manual toothbrush twice daily for one month before periodontal treatment.
Primary outcome measures
- Change in Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) Levels [Time frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks]
Secondary outcome measures (3)
- Change in Clinical Periodontal Indices [Time frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks]
- Change in Salivary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels [Time frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks]
- Change in Salivary Oxidative Stress Levels [Time frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- To be in the age range of 18-60 years
- To have no systemic disease
- To be diagnosed with gingivitis
Exclusion criteria
- Smoking
- History of recent periodontal treatment
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
Study locations
Turkey (Türkiye) · 2 centers
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University — Antakya
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi — Hatay
Publications
- Sari A, Santamaria P, Nibali L. The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on progranulin levels. J Periodontol. 2026 Apr;97(4):658-670. doi: 10.1002/jper.11396. Epub 2025 Aug 25. PMID 40853679
- Sari A, Davutoglu V, Bozkurt E, Taner IL, Erciyas K. Effect of periodontal disease on oxidative stress markers in patients with atherosclerosis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Feb;26(2):1713-1724. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04144-8. Epub 2021 Aug 20. PMID 34415433
- Bansal T, Pandey A, D D, Asthana AK. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its Association with Periodontal Disease: A Brief Review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jul;8(7):ZE21-4. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8355.4646. Epub 2014 Jul 20. PMID 25177663
- Ramli H, Nor Aripin KN, Mohd Said S, Mohamad Hanafiah R, Mohd Dom TN. The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Nov 15;298:115598. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115598. Epub 2022 Aug 6. PMID 35944735
- Haque MM, Alsareii SA. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J. 2015 May;36(5):530-43. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.5.10785. PMID 25935172
- Lebda MA, El-Hawarry WN, Shourbela RM, El-Far AH, Shewita RS, Mousa SA. Miswak (Salvadora persica) dietary supplementation improves antioxidant status and nonspecific immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 May;88:619-626. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.037. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID 30890435
- Martinez-Garcia M, Hernandez-Lemus E. Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front Physiol. 2021 Oct 27;12:709438. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709438. eCollection 2021. PMID 34776994
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07689786 · 11/2025