Warm-up of the Inspiratory Musculature and Its Impact in Swimming Performance
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: POWERbreath.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Swimming, IMT. Basic parameters: from 18 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
Unsure about the terms? Read our patient guide →
Official title
Warm-up of the Inspiratory Musculature and Its Impact on Physiological Parameters and Swimming Performance: Exploration of Intensities Based on Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Overview
Objective To evaluate the acute effect of four inspiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure \[MIP\]) on 100 m freestyle performance, and to analyze their impact on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, and dyspnea in trained swimmers. Methods A randomized, crossover, double-blind experimental study was conducted. Participants were swimmers aged ≥18 years, with no respiratory or musculoskeletal pathology. Each participant completed, in sessions separated by at least three days, an inspiratory muscle warm-up consisting of 30 breaths against resistive loads set at 15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of their MIP, previously determined using standardized procedures. Following each intervention, participants performed a maximal 100 m freestyle test. The following variables were recorded: Swimming time Heart rate (during and post-exercise) Post-exercise capillary blood lactate concentration Rating of perceived exertion (Borg scale) Dyspnea (Dyspnea-12) Conclusions This study will help identify the optimal inspiratory warm-up intensity to enhance swimming performance.
Detailed description
Inspiratory warm-up
An intervention performed prior to exercise consisting of breathing against resistance to activate the inspiratory muscles (mainly the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles) with the aim of enhancing their performance during subsequent effort.
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
The maximum pressure that an individual can generate during a forceful inspiration against an occluded airway. It is an indicator of inspiratory muscle strength and is used to prescribe training intensity.
Relative intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, 80% of MIP)
Percentages of MIP representing different levels of respiratory workload. They allow graded inspiratory resistance to investigate dose-response effects on performance.
Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT)
A specific training method targeting the inspiratory muscles through controlled resistive breathing loads, aimed at improving strength, endurance, and ventilatory efficiency.
Crossover design
An experimental design in which each participant completes all experimental conditions, acting as their own control, thereby reducing inter-subject variability.
Double-blind design
A methodological approach in which neither participants nor evaluators are aware of the assigned condition, minimizing bias in performance and outcome assessment.
Swimming performance
A functional outcome measured primarily through time to complete a fixed distance, in this case 100 meters freestyle.
Cardiovascular response
The physiological response of the cardiovascular system to exercise, typically assessed through heart rate and post-exercise recovery dynamics.
Blood lactate concentration
A marker of metabolic stress during high-intensity exercise, reflecting the contribution of anaerobic glycolysis to energy production.
Perceived exertion
A subjective assessment of exercise intensity, commonly measured using standardized scales such as the Borg scale.
Respiratory discomfort (dyspnea)
A subjective sensation of breathing difficulty associated with exertion, reflecting ventilatory demand and exercise tolerance.
Interventions
- Device POWERbreath
It is a crossover study in which the different exercise intensities are investigated.
Primary outcome measures
- swimming time (100 meters) [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
Secondary outcome measures (8)
- Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and Maximal Expiratory Pressure [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Lactate [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Perceived exertion. [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Dysnea [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Heart rate. [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Recovery time [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Heart rate variability [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
- Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [Time frame: This measurement will be carried out from the randomization process until 8 weeks after the start of the inspiratory training program.]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Participants of both sexes, aged over 18 years.
- Minimum swimming training frequency of at least two sessions per week, with a minimum duration of 30 minutes per session, consistently maintained over the last three months.
Exclusion criteria
- Current or previous diagnosis of respiratory diseases.
- Musculoskeletal injuries limiting the ability to perform a 100-meter swimming test.
- Participation in inspiratory muscle training programs within the last six months.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
Study locations
Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07595328 · 100220261562026 · Sponsor-Investigator