100-Year Human Aging Study

All currently existing longevity measures are surrogate endpoints that have not been prospectively validated against actual mortality and aging outcomes. The 100-Year Human Aging Study is a prospective, pragmatic, observational trial that addresses this gap by enrolling participants in comprehensive clinical screening and following them longitudinally until death to determine which measurements - alone and in combination - are predictive of mortality, serious disease, and functional disability.

The study prioritizes dynamic measurements: the physiological, cognitive, social, and environmental capacities that change with aging and are most likely to carry predictive signal for mortality and functional outcomes. These include cardiorespiratory fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing with ventilatory threshold analysis), strength (grip, explosive power, functional movement), mobility and balance, neurocognitive performance, sensory function (vision, hearing, smell, light touch), and metabolic function (oral glucose tolerance, continuous glucose monitoring), in addition to other testing. Structural and imaging assessments include body composition and bone mineral density by DEXA, echocardiography, resting and stress electrocardiography, spirometry, retinal fundus photography, and vascular ultrasound. Laboratory measures are drawn on-site and processed through a CLIA-certified reference laboratory. Complete medical, surgical, family, social, occupational, and environmental histories are obtained at each visit.

Participation ranges from single-service visits - including standalone DEXA, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, laboratory panel testing, and sleep studies - to the full two-visit comprehensive screening battery. All participation pathways contribute clinical data to the longitudinal mortality and aging outcomes linkage framework regardless of service level. Participants are encouraged to return for repeat testing to build longitudinal health trajectories across the lifespan.

At enrollment and across longitudinal follow-up, the study platform generates individualized investigational constructs including biological age estimate, predicted death age, and predicted cause of death profile. These are explicitly investigational hypotheses, not validated clinical standards. Their predictive validity relative to actual mortality, aging outcomes, and functional disability is a central scientific question this study is designed to answer, both for individual measures and for composite multi-system models.

All data are archived in their highest-dimensional raw form to preserve the ability to apply future analytical methods retroactively. Participants are followed with periodic contact and offered repeat screening throughout the lifespan. Longitudinal outcomes ascertainment includes all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, incident serious health events, chronic disease diagnosis, functional independence, disability status, and health behavior change.

• Cause-Specific Mortality Prediction Accuracy [Time frame: From enrollment until death, assessed periodically, up to 100 years]
• Incident Serious Adverse Health Events [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]
• Incident Chronic Disease [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]
• Functional Independence and Disability Status [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]
• Biological Age Estimate Prediction Accuracy [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]
• Health Behavior Change: Composite Self-Report and Repeat Screening Index [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]
• Multi-System Predictor Modeling: Concordance Statistic [Time frame: Periodically from enrollment until death, up to 100 years]