Effects of Graded Motor Imagery in Individuals With Foot/Ankle Osteoarthritis
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: Exercise Program, Exercise plus graded motor imagery.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Ankle Osteoarthritis, Foot Osteoarthritis. Basic parameters: from 18 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Turkey (Türkiye)
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Effectiveness of Graded Motor Imagery Training in Individuals With Foot/Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview
The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of graded motor imagery training applied in addition to a structured exercise program in individuals with foot and/or ankle osteoarthritis. The study population will consist of twenty-four individuals diagnosed with foot/ankle osteoarthritis who applied to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Education and Research Hospital. Individuals who volunteer to participate in the study will be invited to participate through face-to-face interviews. The inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows: Inclusion criteria: * Being 18 years of age or older * Having a diagnosis of foot/ankle osteoarthritis confirmed by a specialist physician through clinical and/or radiological examination * Experiencing pain in the ankle joint most days for at least three months * Agreeing to participate in randomly assigned treatment and follow-up measurements * Having a sufficient level of Turkish language comprehension * Having a Standardized Mini Mental Test score of at least 24 points Exclusion criteria: * Previous arthrodesis or joint replacement surgery on the affected ankle * Physical therapy for ankle osteoarthritis within the last three months * Vision or hearing problems that would affect compliance with treatment. * Presence of a neuromuscular disease * History of intra-articular ankle injections within the last 3 months * Initiation of a new disease-specific pharmacological treatment during the study period During the study period, participants will receive one of the physical therapy programs. One group will only participate in the structured exercise program, while the other group will receive graded motor imagery training in addition to the exercise program.Both treatment groups will receive a total of 12 treatment sessions over 6 weeks. The results of this study may help improve physiotherapy programs for individuals with similar health conditions.
Interventions
- Behavioral Exercise Program
During this intervention, participants will take part in a structured physiotherapy exercise program. The program will be delivered under the guidance of a physiotherapist. - Behavioral Exercise plus graded motor imagery
During this intervention, participants will take part in the same physiotherapy exercise program combined with educational sessions.
Primary outcome measures
- Socio-demographic assessment form [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Pain Intensity Assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Pain Threshold Measurement [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Gait Analysis [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Foot Function Index [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Laterality assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
Secondary outcome measures (6)
- Joint position sense assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Foot Pressure Assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Kinesiophobia Assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Quality of Life Assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
- Patient Satisfaction Assessment [Time frame: End of the intervention]
- Central Sensitization Assessment [Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Be 18 years of age or older,
- Have a diagnosis of foot and/or ankle osteoarthritis confirmed by a specialist physician through clinical and/or radiological examination
- Experience pain in the ankle joint most days for at least three months
- Agree to participate in randomly assigned treatment and follow-up measurements
- Have sufficient understanding of the Turkish language
- Have a Standardized Mini Mental Test score of at least 24 points
Exclusion criteria
- Previous arthrodesis or joint replacement surgery on the affected ankle,
- Having received physical therapy for ankle osteoarthritis within the last three months
- Presence of vision or hearing problems that may affect compliance with treatment.
- Presence of a neuromuscular disease
- History of intra-articular ankle injections within the last 3 months
- Initiation of a new disease-specific pharmacological treatment during the study period
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: No
Study design
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Model
- Parallel assignment
- Masking
- Open label
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
Study locations
Turkey (Türkiye) · 2 centers
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Training and Research Hospital — Antalya
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Training and Research Hospital — Antalya
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07417436 · PAU-KAEK-2025-15