Turkish Version of Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index
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- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: Turkish Version of Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index and Accompanying Scales.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). Basic parameters: 18 years — 60 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Turkey (Türkiye)
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Turkish Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index
Overview
This study aimed to translate the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index (HCDI) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability as an outcome measurement method in individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The study included 40 patients. Participants' pain intensity and range of jaw movement were measured, followed by the administration of the HDCI, the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ). For test-retest reliability, the same questionnaire was administered again to the same patients two weeks later, and the FAI was used to test the validity of the questionnaire.
Detailed description
Based on the idea of making the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index (HCDI) available in Turkish, our study aimed to translate this scoring system into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability as an outcome measurement method in individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The study aimed to include 40 patients. Pain intensity during palpation and chewing was measured using a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and range of jaw movement was measured using a linear ruler. Participants were then administered the HCDI, the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ). To assess test-retest reliability, the same questionnaire was administered again to the same patients after two weeks. The FAI was used to test the validity of the questionnaire.
Interventions
- Other Turkish Version of Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index and Accompanying Scales
The intervention includes a detailed clinical assessment and a series of questionnaires. Participants will provide demographic data, trauma, and surgical history. Clinical evaluation includes the measurement of pain and jaw movements. Subjective symptoms will be assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), linear ruler, Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ). The Turkish version of the Helkimo Index will be administered to test its valid
Primary outcome measures
- Internal Consistency of the Turkish Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index [Time frame: At baseline (Day 0).]
Secondary outcome measures (5)
- Turkish Version of the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index [Time frame: Baseline (Day 0) and 14 days after the baseline assessment for test-retest reliability.]
- Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) [Time frame: Baseline (Day 0) and 14 days after the baseline assessment.]
- Range of Jaw Movement [Time frame: Baseline (Day 0) and 14 days after the baseline assessment.]
- Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) Score [Time frame: Baseline (Day 0) and 14 days after the baseline assessment.]
- Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) Score [Time frame: Baseline (Day 0) and 14 days after the baseline assessment.]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Being between 18 and 60 years of age and having been diagnosed with TMB,
- The person must be a volunteer to participate in the study,
- The native language must be Turkish.
Exclusion criteria
- Having a history of malignant conditions, trauma, or surgery in the cranial and cervical region,
- Inability to cooperate,
- Regular use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs,
- Having dentofacial anomalies,
- Having active inflammatory arthritis,
- Having metabolic diseases (gout, osteoporosis, Cushing's disease, and hyper/hypoparathyroidism),
- Having connective tissue, rheumatological (systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma), and hematological disorders (anemia and leukemia),
- Having a diagnosed psychiatric illness,
- Having received physical therapy related to TMB less than 6 months ago,
- Not being a native language of Turkish
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: No
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
Study locations
Turkey (Türkiye) · 1 center
- Umay Private Oral and Dental Health Clinic — Istanbul
Publications
- Yildiz NT, Alkan A, Kulunkoglu BA. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Cranio. 2024 Mar;42(2):160-170. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2021.2004715. Epub 2021 Nov 18. PMID 34789075
- Stegenga B, de Bont LG, de Leeuw R, Boering G. Assessment of mandibular function impairment associated with temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and internal derangement. J Orofac Pain. 1993 Spring;7(2):183-95. PMID 8358365
- Kaynak BA, Tas S, Salkin Y. The accuracy and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fonseca anamnestic index in temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 2023 Jan;41(1):78-83. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1812808. Epub 2020 Aug 25. PMID 32840464
- Bevilaqua-Grossi D, Chaves TC, de Oliveira AS, Monteiro-Pedro V. Anamnestic index severity and signs and symptoms of TMD. Cranio. 2006 Apr;24(2):112-8. doi: 10.1179/crn.2006.018. PMID 16711273
- van der Weele LT, Dibbets JM. Helkimo's index: a scale or just a set of symptoms? J Oral Rehabil. 1987 May;14(3):229-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00714.x. PMID 3474383
- Alonso-Royo R, Sanchez-Torrelo CM, Ibanez-Vera AJ, Zagalaz-Anula N, Castellote-Caballero Y, Obrero-Gaitan E, Rodriguez-Almagro D, Lomas-Vega R. Validity and Reliability of the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index for the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 8;11(3):472. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11030472. PMID 33800185
- Çınar, F., Şengül, H., Çapar, H., Çakmak, C., & Bilge, Y. (2018). Perception of health news: a scale development study. J Acad Res Nurs, 4(3), 164-171.
- Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Jun 1;30(11):1331-4. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000164099.92112.29. PMID 15928561
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07371143 · 27.03.2025/61