Stimulus Equivalence Learning in Acquired Brain Injury.
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- This is an observational study: the protocol does not assign a study treatment.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Acquired Brain Injury (Including Stroke). Basic parameters: 18 years — 75 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Netherlands
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
Unsure about the terms? Read our patient guide →
Official title
The Principle of Stimulus Equivalence Learning and Its Neuropsychological Correlates in Adults With Acquired Brain Injury (ABI).
Overview
Stimulus Equivalence Learning (SEL) is a form of learning in which stimuli (such as words, pictures, or sounds) become linked to one another in memory, even though this specific connection has not been directly taught. In a typical SEL task, two relations are taught explicitly (A→B and A→C), and the untrained relation (B→C) is then tested. This indirect relation is not intentionally or consciously learned and is considered a form of implicit learning. The principle of stimulus equivalence learning is still rarely applied in cognitive rehabilitation after acquired brain injury (ABI), with the exception of a few small (N=1) treatment studies that have shown positive effects. However, it remains unclear to what extent ABI may affect the ability to acquire stimulus equivalence.
Primary outcome measures
- Modified Rutgers Equivalence Learning Task (mRAET) [Time frame: Day 1]
Secondary outcome measures (7)
- Location Learning Test (LLT) [Time frame: Day 1]
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV-NL digit span (WAIS-IV-NL DS) [Time frame: Day 1]
- Everyday memory questionnaire-revised (EMQ-R) [Time frame: Day 1]
- Trial Making Test [Time frame: Day 1]
- Stroop [Time frame: Day 1]
- Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) [Time frame: Day 1]
- Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) [Time frame: Day 1]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
ABI patients (>3 months post-injury), including stroke, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, encephalitis, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Exclusion criteria
Neurodegenerative disorders Severe psychiatric disorders (including suicidality) Insufficient command of the Dutch language Severe cognitive impairments, aphasia, or visual or hearing problems that make test administration impossible
An additional exclusion criterion for controls was any medical condition that could lead to cognitive impairment beyond normal aging, including stroke, TBI, brain tumor, or other forms of brain injury.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
Study locations
Netherlands · 1 center
- Klimmendaal Revalidatiespecialisten — Arnhem
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07345481 · KNP23PROJ2