Investigation of the Effects of Kettlebell Training

Official title

Investigation of the Effects of Kettlebell Training on Pain, Function and Performance in Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain; Randomized Controlled Trial.

Overview

Kettlebell exercises are seen as one of the approaches that can be used conservatively in individuals with shoulder pain. However, it is still unknown what results it has on its therapeutic effects. These findings highlight the need for higher quality studies evaluating the effects of kettlebell use and exercises for shoulder pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of kettlebell training on shoulder pain, function, and performance. The hypotheses of our study are as follows: * H1: In individuals with Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain, the improvement in shoulder-related pain perception is greater with Kettlebell training compared to the standard rehabilitation program. * H2: In individuals with Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain, shoulder function improvement is greater with Kettlebell training compared to the standard rehabilitation program. * H3: In individuals with Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain, shoulder performance improvement is greater with Kettlebell training than with the standard rehabilitation program.

Interventions

• Other Kettlebell Exercise
  8-week Kettlebell Exercises compare with 8-week Standard Rehabilitation Program
• Other Standard Exercise
  8-week Standard Rehabilitation Program compare with 8-week Kettlebell Exercises

Primary outcome measures

• Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]
• Seated Single-Arm Shot-Put Test [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]
• Upper Extremity Y Balance Test [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]
• Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]
• Evaluation of Shoulder Isometric Muscle Strength [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]
• Evaluation of Hand Grip Strength [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]

Secondary outcome measures (1)

• Global Rating of Change (GROC) [Time frame: 0th and 8th Week]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Individuals who are willing to participate and have been doing licensed/unlicensed amateur or professional sports for at least 3 years,
• Individuals with Tegner Activity Scale ≥ 5,
• A history of shoulder pain of at least 6 weeks,
• At least 3 points measured using the 0 to 10 point Numerical Pain Scale (NPS),
• Shoulder pain that worsens with resisted shoulder flexion, abduction or external rotation,
• Rotator cuff tendinopathies,
• Tears smaller than 1 cm,
• Secondary shoulder instability without major trauma (due to rotator cuff muscle weakness, etc.)

Exclusion criteria

• History of fracture and/or surgery in the shoulder area,
• Adhesive capsulitis,
• Those with passive joint range of motion deficit,
• Individuals with a positive Apprehension Test and/or Sulcus Sign test and multidirectional shoulder instability,
• Numbness or tingling in the upper extremity with cervical compression test or upper extremity compression test,
• Systemic or neurological disease,
• Corticosteroid injection within 3 months before the intervention,
• Physical therapy in the 6 months before the intervention,
• Those with a history of dislocation and subluxation,
• Those who are pregnant,
• Those who did not participate in the study for 2 consecutive sessions

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: Yes

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Quadruple blind

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

Turkey (Türkiye) · 2 centers

• Hacettepe University — Ankara
• Fenerbahce University — Istanbul

Identifiers

NCT: NCT07289893 · 30.01.2024

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗