At-Home tDCS as Maintenance Therapy

Study type Open-label pilot clinical study.

Primary purpose To determine whether a home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) maintenance program is feasible and well tolerated, and whether there are early signs that it helps maintain the clinical benefits achieved during successful acute inpatient treatment for depression.

Location Department and Outpatient Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich

Participants Adults (≥18 years) with a depressive disorder who already improved or stabilized after acute treatment in our hospital (such as esketamine, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or electroconvulsive therapy). Participants must be able to give informed consent. People in an acute crisis, with high suicide risk, or with medical reasons that make tDCS unsafe (e.g., certain implants near the head, significant skin disease at the electrode sites) are not included.

What is tDCS? tDCS uses a very low, constant electrical current delivered through two small sponge electrodes on a soft cap to gently modulate brain activity in areas linked to mood regulation. The at-home device ramps the current up and down gradually for comfort, and automatically pauses if contact with the skin is not adequate.

What participants will do Training \& setup: Participants receive standardized instruction from trained staff and a portable tDCS device with a cap and sponge electrodes. Correct placement and skin preparation are well demonstrated.

Home treatment (4 weeks): 20 sessions (5 per week) at home, each 30 minutes at 2 mA. The device gives step-by-step prompts; current ramps up/down to improve comfort.

Check-ins \& questionnaires:

Participants complete brief weekly questionnaires and have check-ins every 2 weeks. After finishing the 4-week program, there is a 2-week follow-up with a final assessment.

Usual care:

Ongoing medications or psychotherapy may continue unchanged and is not standardized in this pilot-study.

What the study measures:

Feasibility (primary objective): Is the at-home maintenance treatment after acute inpatient treatment well tolerated by patients? Improvements in MADRS and self reporting questionnaires as BDI-II.

Adherence:

How many of the 20 planned sessions each participant actually completes.

Safety:

Number and type of adverse events (AEs) and any device-related issues.

Preliminary effectiveness:

Whether maintenance or improvements hold up during treatment and follow-up are assessed using standardized self-rated and clinician-rated questionnaires.

Adverse effects:

Typical sensations can include mild tingling, redness, or a light headache; serious events are uncommon. Participants can pause or stop at any time and contact the team for support.

Data handling and privacy The app stores anonymized session data (e.g., time and completion of sessions) so the team can monitor progress.No personal identifiers are transmitted between the app and the stimulator. Access to study data is restricted to the clinical team via a secure portal.

Why this pilot matters Before running a large, controlled trial, we need to confirm that a home-based tDCS program is practical to deliver, acceptable to participants, and shows early signs of maintaining post-acute clinical benefits. Results from this pilot will guide decisions about a future randomized, posssibly sham-controlled study with a longer follow-up focused on relapse prevention.

• Depressive Symptoms assessed with MADRS [Time frame: MADRS: Measured in week one, week two, week four during treatment phase and in week six during the follow up phase.]
• BDI II [Time frame: Measured at day 1 (baseline), week two (after completing ten at home sessions), week four(after completing full treatment) and followup at week 6.]
• Safety based on the number of adverse events [Time frame: Adverse events are monitored weekly: Baseline (pre-treatment), week 1, 2, 3, 4 and during follow up (week 6)]
• Analysis of monitored technical parameters [Time frame: These parameters will be assessed daily during treatment period, i.e. tDCS treatment day 1-20 automatically]