Analysis of Bioenergetics and Fatigue Responses in Basketball (TEAM)

Official title

sTudy of the bioEnergetics and fAtigue Responses of a Basketball gaMe: The TEAM Trial

Overview

The aims of the study are: 1. To examine skeletal muscle and blood metabolites during an official basketball game and to relate those to skeletal muscle performance during and after the game. 2. To investigate whether skeletal muscle and blood metabolites are related to game-induced fatigue. 3. To relate field activity during a basketball game with the responses of skeletal muscle and blood metabolites. 4. To investigate how blood lactate reflects muscle lactate concentration during a basketball game. 5. To determine whether temporary fatigue develops during a basketball game. game.

Detailed description

The basketball players will participate in three experimental games (N = 10/game) on an indoors basketball stadium. During a 2-week familiarization period, volunteers will be familiarized with the experimental procedures and participate in very light training (at local basketball facilities) aimed at developing match tactics and team cohesion. At the end of the familiarization period and before the experimental game, participants will undergo a 3-day baseline performance testing (resting conditions) at University (Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly) facilities. Prior to the games, the players will refrain from strenuous exercise and intake of alcohol for 48 hours and from tobacco and caffeine for 12 h. Dietary intake will be monitored with daily diet recalls for 7 days before the experimental period and will be standardized for all participants by a registered dietitian. The dietitian will also prescribe the meals and snacks on the game-day. On the day of the game, participants will arrive at the stadium 1.5 h before for resting skeletal muscle and blood sampling. For the first muscle biopsy and in preparation for later obtainment of biopsies from vastus lateralis muscle. An incision will be made under local anesthesia (20 mg/ml xylocaine without adrenalin) and covered by sterile band-aid strips and a thigh and shoulder bandages. In addition, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a heart rate monitor will be placed on each subject. During the match, a number of physiological measurements will be performed at fixed times (before the game, at half-time and post-match) and after intense exercise periods within the four 10-min periods of the game. Volunteers will be randomly assigned, using the sealed envelope procedure, in six teams representing all field positions and each team will play in one of three experimental games (random allocation using standard procedures) against each other in a full 40-minute game according to official regulations. A total of 10 additional players (from various playing positions) will serve as substitute players that could enter the pitch for a few minutes when a player will have to leave the court (either participate in measurements or will have completed it's pre-determined playing time or in case of an injury). Fifteen players (pre/post game measurement group) will have muscle and blood samples taken at rest, at the end of the 2nd period (half-time) and at the end of the 4th period (end of game). A second group of eight players (intense periods measurement group 1) will have muscle and blood samples collected at rest and during the first and third period of the game (immediately after an intense period of game-play). A third group of seven players (intense periods measurement group 1) will have muscle and blood samples collected at rest and during the second and fourth period of the game (immediately after an intense period of game-play). An intense exercise period of game-play is identified as a period with a heart rate of \> 90% of maximal \[as assessed by the maximal heart rate obtained during a graded exercise test to measure the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)\], a high number of high-intensity runs (speed of \> 18 km/h), sprints (speed of \> 25 km/h) and/or jumps evaluated by a professional licensed coach. All muscle biopsies will be sampled from the vastus lateralis. All players will have their field activity and heart rate measured throughout the game using IMU units and heart rate monitors. Games will start at 17.00 - 18 p.m. to avoid diurnal variations and will be held under normal environmental conditions. A standardized 30-min warm-up period will be performed before each game. All games will be videotaped.

Interventions

• Other BASKETBALL GAME
  Participants will arrive 1.5 hours pre-game for initial vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and blood sampling under local anesthesia (20 mg/ml xylocaine without adrenalin). They will be fitted with IMU sensors and heart rate monitors. Volunteers are randomly assigned to teams(6 teams) for a full 40-minute game. During the match, physiological measurements will be performed at fixed times (pre, at half-time, and post-match) and after intense exercise periods (HR\>90% max, high-speed runs\>18km/h) w

Primary outcome measures

• Measurement of countermovement jump height [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Bilateral strength peak force and rate of force development on mid-thigh pull [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of maximal sprinting speed over 5 meters [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of maximal sprinting speed over 20 meters [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of the capacity to perform repeated sprints [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of field activity variables during the basketball game [Time frame: Continuous monitoring during each 40-minute game.]
• Measurement of heart rate during the basketball game ad recording the average and maximal heart rate of the game. [Time frame: Continuous monitoring during each 40-minute game.]
• Measurement of skeletal muscle glycogen content [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of skeletal muscle fiber-type distribution and fiber-type- specific glycogen content. [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]
• Measurement of skeletal muscle phosphocreatine levels [Time frame: Change from baseline to the: a. 20th minute (half-time) and 40th minute (end of the game) (N=10), b. 5th minute (mid-1st period) and 25th minute (mid-3rd period) (N=10) and c. 15th minute (mid-2nd period) and 35th minute (mid-4th period) (N=10).]

Secondary outcome measures (12)

• Body mass [Time frame: Change from baseline (pre-game) to 40 minutes of the game]
• Body height [Time frame: At baseline]
• Body mass index (BMI) [Time frame: At baseline]
• Body fat (BF) [Time frame: At baseline]
• Fat mass (FM) [Time frame: At baseline]
• Fat-free mass (FFM) [Time frame: At baseline]
• Bone mass density [Time frame: At baseline]
• Bone mass content [Time frame: At baseline]
• Dietary intake [Time frame: At baseline]
• Evaluation of physical activity (PA) [Time frame: At baseline]
• Rest Heart Rate [Time frame: At baseline]
• Peak Maximal oxygen consumption (Peak VO2) [Time frame: At baseline]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Health status: were free of recent musculoskeletal injuries and/or illnesses (≥ 8 months before the study).
• Not consuming ergogenic supplements/medications (≥ 6 months before the study)
• Not smokers

Exclusion criteria

• Completion of the pre-determined participation time during the experimental game.
• Completion of all field measurements.
• Completion of all pre-determined sampling points for biological tissue.

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: Yes

Study design

Allocation

N/A

Model

Single group

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Basic science

Study locations

Greece · 1 center

• University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science — Trikala

Identifiers

NCT: NCT07250555 · The TEAM trial

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗