Hormonal Impalance in Children With Simple Obesity
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- This is an observational study: the protocol does not assign a study treatment.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Children With Simple Obesity. Basic parameters: 5 years — 18 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Overview
Obesity in children and adolescents is a global health issue with increasing prevalence in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as a high prevalence in many high-income countries. Obesity during INTRODUCTION childhood is likely to continue into adulthood and is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidity as well as premature mortality. \[1\] WHO defines overweight and obesity as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. BMI (weight/height2; kg/m2) is used as an indirect measure of body fatness in children and adolescents and should be compared with population growth references adjusted for sex and age.\[2\] The WHO Growth Standard is recommended in many countries for children aged 0-5 years, and for those aged 5-19 years (overweight defined as BMI ≥1SD and obesity as BMI ≥2SD of the median for age and sex), and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Growth Reference for those aged 2 to 20 years (overweight is \>85th to \<95th percentile and obesity is ≥95th percentile based on CDC growth charts). \[3\] Abdominal or central obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. For waist circumference there are regional and international growth references allowing adjustment for age and sex. A waist-to-height ratio of more than 0·5 is increasingly used as an indicator of abdominal adiposity.\[4\] Simple obesity, also known as primary obesity, is the most common type of obesity seen in children and adolescents. It refers to excessive weight gain resulting from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, specifically when the child consumes more calories than the body uses over time.\[5\] Simple obesity tends to develop progressively, although it is not initially caused by endocrine dysfunction, chronic excessive adiposity may contribute to hormonal imbalances and metabolic consequences over time. These include insulin resistance, early onset of puberty, and dysregulation in the levels of key adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. \[6\] It is established that excess adipose tissue can lead to significant hormonal disturbances. Adipose tissue functions as an active endocrine organ, secreting various adipokines and inflammatory mediators that disrupt normal metabolic and hormonal homeostasis.\[7\] One of the earliest and most critical alterations is insulin resistance, often accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. This state increases the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, obese children typically exhibit leptin resistance, where elevated leptin levels fail to suppress appetite, contributing to continued weight gain. Conversely, adiponectin levels are often reduced, further impairing insulin sensitivity and promoting metabolic syndrome.\[8\] Obesity-related stress and inflammation can also dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to altered cortisol secretion, which promotes central fat accumulation and influences appetite and mood. Furthermore, obesity may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis, resulting in early puberty in girls and sometimes delayed puberty in boys, along with imbalances in sex hormones.\[9\]
Primary outcome measures
- incidance of hormonal imbalance in children with simple obesity [Time frame: baseline]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years diagnosed to be have simple obesity which it refers to excessive weight gain resulting from chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure specifically when child consumes more calories than the body uses over time with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 95 th percentile on CDC growth chart
Exclusion criteria
- Any obese child with:
- Endocrinal diseases.
- Syndromic obesity.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: No
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-only
Study locations
Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07174518 · Hormonal impalance in obesity