Comparison of Square Stepping Exercise and Wobble Board Exercise in Elderly Population
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: Square Stepping Exercise, Wobble Board Exercise.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Elderly Population. Basic parameters: from 60 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Pakistan
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Comparison of Square Stepping Exercise and Wobble Board Exercise on Cognition, Balance and Fall Risk in Elderly Population
Overview
Cognitive decline and balance issues are key contributors to falls. Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) and Wobble Board Exercise (WBE) both are the promising forms of balance training. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare these two exercises to determine their effects on cognition, balance, and fall risk in elderly population.
Detailed description
The study in 2016 described the effects of square stepping exercises versus traditional balance exercises on improving balance and reducing fear of falling in the elderly. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) were used for assessments. Both groups showed significant improvements in BBS and TUG scores (p\<0.0001), but the square stepping exercise group demonstrated more significant gains. The study concluded that square stepping exercises were more effective in enhancing balance and reducing fear of falling compared to traditional balance exercises.This study addresses a notable gap in existing literature by comparing the effects of Square Stepping Exercise and Wobble Board Exercise in improving cognition, balance, and fall risk among the elderly. While both exercises have been recognized individually for their benefits, but their comparative effectiveness remains understudied. By focusing on this comparison, this study aim is to fill this gap and offer valuable insights into the most effective intervention for enhancing functional independence and promoting healthy aging.
Interventions
- Other Square Stepping Exercise
5 days per week for 6 weeks. 30 minutes per session with appropriate rest interval in between. - Other Wobble Board Exercise
5 days per week for 6 weeks. 30 minutes per session with appropriate rest interval in between.
Primary outcome measures
- Fall Efficacy Scale- international (FES- I) [Time frame: 6th week]
- Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [Time frame: 6th week]
- Berg Balance Scale (BBS) [Time frame: 6th week]
Secondary outcome measures (1)
- Time up and Go test (TUG) [Time frame: 6th week]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Elderly individuals age 60 years and above of both genders according to the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO).
- Participants whose Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score will be >24/30 ensuring sufficient cognitive ability to follow instructions and participate in exercise.
- Participants whose Berg Balance Scale scores of more than 41/56 ensuring that the participants have moderate level of balance ability.
- Vital signs within normal range for elderly population.
- Ability to walk independently with or without an assistive device (e.g., canes).
Exclusion criteria
- Participants who have severe musculoskeletal or neurological disorders affecting gait or balance (e.g., Parkinson's disease, and stroke) because of the complex impacts of these conditions on general cognitive and physical functions.
- Participants who undergoes recent fractures or injuries affecting participation in physical activity.
- Participants who have uncontrolled cardiovascular or metabolic conditions (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) that could significantly interfere with exercise.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Model
- Parallel assignment
- Masking
- Single blind
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
Study locations
Pakistan · 1 center
- Khursheed Old Home — Lahore
Publications
- Delbaere K, Valenzuela T, Lord SR, Clemson L, Zijlstra GAR, Close JCT, Lung T, Woodbury A, Chow J, McInerney G, Miles L, Toson B, Briggs N, van Schooten KS. E-health StandingTall balance exercise for fall prevention in older people: results of a two year randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2021 Apr 6;373:n740. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n740. PMID 33824131
- Forbes PA, Chen A, Blouin JS. Sensorimotor control of standing balance. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;159:61-83. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00004-5. PMID 30482333
- Guirguis-Blake JM, Michael YL, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, Beil TL. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018 Apr 24;319(16):1705-1716. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.21962. PMID 29710140
- Henry M, Baudry S. Age-related changes in leg proprioception: implications for postural control. J Neurophysiol. 2019 Aug 1;122(2):525-538. doi: 10.1152/jn.00067.2019. Epub 2019 Jun 5. PMID 31166819
- Franzel K, Koschate J, Freiberger E, Shigematsu R, Zieschang T, Tietgen S. Square-stepping exercise in older inpatients in early geriatric rehabilitation. A randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Geriatr. 2024 Apr 10;24(1):326. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04932-3. PMID 38600478
- Thomas E, Battaglia G, Patti A, Brusa J, Leonardi V, Palma A, Bellafiore M. Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jul;98(27):e16218. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016218. PMID 31277132
- Kawabata M, Gan SR, Shen-Hsing AC. Effects of Square Stepping Exercise on cognitive, physical, psychological, and group functioning in sedentary older adults: A center-based hybrid trial. BMC Geriatr. 2024 Apr 25;24(1):374. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04904-7. PMID 38664613
- Taghavi Asl A, Shojaedin SS, Hadadnezhad M. Comparison of effect of wobble board training with and without cognitive intervention on balance, ankle proprioception and jump landing kinetic parameters of men with chronic ankle instability: a randomized control trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Sep 30;23(1):888. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05706-x. PMID 36180870
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07150364 · REC/RCR&AHS/24/02101