Gastrointestinal Bleeding is Blood Loss in the Digestive Tract, Classified as Upper or Lower. Ischemic Heart Disease is Due to Blocked Heart Arteries. Antiplatelet Drugs Help Prevent Heart Attacks But Increase GI Bleeding Risk, Especially When Used Together as Dual Therapy.
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- This is an observational study: the protocol does not assign a study treatment.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Gastro Intestinal Bleeding, Ischaemic Heart Diseases, Antiplatelet Drugs, Antiplatelet Drug-related Gastrointestinal Injury. Basic parameters: from 18 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Single Compared to Dual Antiplatelet Treatment
Overview
Gastrointestinal bleeding is blood loss in the digestive tract, classified as upper or lower. Ischemic heart disease is due to blocked heart arteries. Antiplatelet drugs help prevent heart attacks but increase GI bleeding risk, especially when used together as dual therapy. This study aims to compare the prevalence and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in ischemic heart disease patients on single versus dual antiplatelet therapy, and to explore strategies for reducing gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients, enhancing treatment safety without compromising cardiovascular protection.
Detailed description
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to blood loss within the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus. It is classified as upper GI bleeding-originating proximal to the ligament of Treitz (esophagus, stomach, first and second parts of the duodenum)-and lower GI bleeding, which originates distal to this ligament (remaining duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum, and anus). GI bleeding may be acute, with sudden and severe blood loss, or chronic, involving slow, recurrent bleeding that is less obvious but still clinically significant.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, mainly from atherosclerosis. This can result in chest pain, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular complications.
Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, inhibit platelet aggregation to prevent blood clots and are essential in IHD management. Single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) uses one agent, while dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines two agents for stronger protection against thrombotic events.
Both SAPT and DAPT improve cardiovascular outcomes in IHD patients, with SAPT commonly used for long-term prevention and DAPT recommended after acute coronary events or interventions.
Antiplatelet drugs, like aspirin and clopidogrel, increase GI bleeding risk by inhibiting platelet aggregation, impairing clot formation, and, in the case of aspirin, directly irritating the stomach lining, making it easier for ulcers or erosions to bleed. The risk is higher with dual therapy.
This study aims to compare the prevalence and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in ischemic heart disease patients on single versus dual antiplatelet therapy, and to explore strategies for reducing gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients, enhancing treatment safety without compromising cardiovascular protection.
Primary outcome measures
- Prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing single compared to dual antiplatelet treatment [Time frame: Baseline]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Patients (aged 18 years old and older) who were diagnosed ischemic heart disease on single or dual antiplatelet therapy and developed gastrointestinal bleeding (manifestation of hematemesis, melena or bleeding per rectum).
Exclusion criteria
- Patients on anticoagulant.
- Patients with bleeding tendencies.
- Individuals with other comorbidities.
- patients with acute coronary syndrome.
- Uncooperative patients.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
Study locations
Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
Publications
- Abraham NS, Hlatky MA, Antman EM, Bhatt DL, Bjorkman DJ, Clark CB, Furberg CD, Johnson DA, Kahi CJ, Laine L, Mahaffey KW, Quigley EM, Scheiman J, Sperling LS, Tomaselli GF; ACCF/ACG/AHA. ACCF/ACG/AHA 2010 Expert Consensus Document on the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and thienopyridines: a focused update of the ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 expert consensus document on reducing the gastrointestina PMID 21060077
- Lanas A, Wu P, Medin J, Mills EJ. Low doses of acetylsalicylic acid increase risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Sep;9(9):762-768.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.05.020. Epub 2011 Jun 6. PMID 21699808
- Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, Brindis RG, Fihn SD, Fleisher LA, Granger CB, Lange RA, Mack MJ, Mauri L, Mehran R, Mukherjee D, Newby LK, O'Gara PT, Sabatine MS, Smith PK, Smith SC Jr. 2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinic PMID 27036918
- Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002 Jan 12;324(7329):71-86. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71. PMID 11786451
- Lanas A, Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Polo-Tomas M, Ponce M, Alonso-Abreu I, Perez-Aisa MA, Perez-Gisbert J, Bujanda L, Castro M, Munoz M, Rodrigo L, Calvet X, Del-Pino D, Garcia S. Time trends and impact of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation in clinical practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul;104(7):1633-41. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.164. Epub 2009 May 5. PMID 19574968
- Libby P, Theroux P. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005 Jun 28;111(25):3481-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537878. PMID 15983262
- Longstreth GF. Epidemiology and outcome of patients hospitalized with acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Mar;92(3):419-24. PMID 9068461
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07125651 · GIB in IHD patients on APT