Video vs Model Training for Leopold Maneuver Skills
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: To compare the effectiveness of video- and model-based training methods in improving Leopold maneuver skills among midwifery students..
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Midwifery Education, Clinical Skills Training. Basic parameters: No limits · Female.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Comparison of Video- and Model-Based Training in Developing Leopold Maneuver Skills Among Midwifery Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview
This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effectiveness of video-based and model-based training methods in improving Leopold maneuver skills among second-year midwifery students. The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University. Eligible students will be randomly assigned into three groups: video-supported training, model-supported training, and control. All participants will first receive a 2-hour theoretical training session. Then, the video group will watch an instructional video, the model group will perform hands-on practice using anatomical models, and the control group will receive no additional intervention. Skill acquisition will be evaluated through practical assessments conducted a few days and two months after training. At the end of the study, compensatory training will be provided to all groups to ensure educational equity. Data collection tools include a psychomotor skills assessment form, a student satisfaction scale, and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS software.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial investigates the comparative effectiveness of video-based and model-based educational interventions in enhancing second-year midwifery students' psychomotor skills related to the Leopold maneuvers. The study is designed with three parallel arms: (1) video-supported training, (2) anatomical model-supported training, and (3) control (no additional intervention beyond theoretical instruction).
A total of eligible participants will be recruited from the Faculty of Health Sciences at Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University and randomly assigned to one of the three groups using block randomization to ensure balanced allocation. All participants will initially receive a standardized 2-hour face-to-face theoretical session on Leopold maneuvers, delivered by experienced faculty members using the same content.
Following the theoretical instruction:
The video group will view a professionally prepared instructional video demonstrating all four Leopold maneuvers.
The model group will engage in hands-on practice using standardized pregnant anatomical mannequins under supervision.
The control group will not receive any additional material or practice after the theoretical session.
Psychomotor skill acquisition will be measured using a structured and validated 25-item Leopold Maneuver Psychomotor Skills Assessment Form, scored on a 0-4 Likert scale per item, with a total score range of 0-100. Assessments will be conducted at two time points: (1) within a few days following the intervention (to assess immediate skill gain), and (2) two months post-intervention (to assess skill retention).
To address potential ethical concerns and ensure educational equity, compensatory training (video + model-based) will be offered to all groups after final assessments are completed.
Additional data collection tools include:
A Student Satisfaction Scale designed for evaluating the learner experience with the instructional method,
The Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) to assess state anxiety levels during skills application phases.
All statistical analyses will be conducted using SPSS version XX (or equivalent), employing appropriate tests for intergroup comparisons (e.g., ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA) and within-group changes (e.g., paired t-tests or non-parametric equivalents depending on distribution). A p-value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
The study adheres to ethical guidelines for human subject research and has obtained approval from the relevant Institutional Ethics Committee. Participation is voluntary and written informed consent will be obtained from all students prior to enrollment.
Interventions
- Behavioral To compare the effectiveness of video- and model-based training methods in improving Leopold maneuver skills among midwifery students.
This study involves two educational interventions aimed at improving Leopold maneuver skills among midwifery students. Both intervention groups receive a standardized 2-hour theoretical lecture about the purpose, application, and clinical relevance of the Leopold maneuvers. In the Video-Based Training Group, students watch an instructional video developed by the research team that visually demonstrates each step of the maneuver. In the Model-Based Training Group, students perform the maneuvers
Primary outcome measures
- Psychomotor Skill Score in Leopold Maneuver Application [Time frame: Assessed within 1 week after training and again at 8 weeks after training]
Secondary outcome measures (2)
- Student Satisfaction with Training Method [Time frame: Assessed within 1 week after training and again at 8 weeks after training]
- State Anxiety Level [Time frame: Assessed within 1 week after training and again at 8 weeks after training]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Must be a second-year student in the Department of Midwifery at -Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Has not previously taken the "Normal Pregnancy and Care" course
- Has not received prior training on Leopold maneuvers
- Willing to voluntarily participate in the study
- Able to attend all training and assessment sessions during the study period
Exclusion criteria
- Having an acute health condition that may interfere with participation in the training
- Being on leave or having frozen enrollment during the study period
- Sharing study content or violating confidentiality with members of other groups
- Withdrawing from the study voluntarily or being excluded due to absenteeism
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Model
- Parallel assignment
- Masking
- Open label
- Primary purpose
- Other
Study locations
Center list to be confirmed — check the primary protocol.
Publications
- Opoku A, Usman MB, Adjei TA, Owusu-Afriyie B, Opoku W. Nursing and midwifery students' perceptions of sign language training in Ghana: relevance, instructional methods, and assessment practices. BMC Nurs. 2025 Jul 18;24(1):942. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03610-y. PMID 40682143
- Bowers M, Terry D, Irwin P. The impact of reflective practice on nursing students: a scoping review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Aug;87:104468. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104468. Epub 2025 Jul 13. PMID 40683080
Identifiers
NCT: NCT07078747 · Leopold Training