Total Neoadjuvant Treatment With or Without Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Official title

Total Neoadjuvant Treatment With or Without Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: An Open-label Randomized Controlled Phase II Study (The TOTAL Trial)

Overview

This prospective, multi-center, phase II randomized controlled trial will evaluate the actual benefit of adding immunotherapy with tislelizumab to the currently most effective approach against LARC, namely TNT. In this trial, we will harness several elements that may each potentially contribute to an overall high efficacy, at least in local outcomes: nCRT rather than SCRT, full length (8 cycles of mFOLFOX6) of consolidation chemotherapy, CIMT following nCRT (exploiting the upregulation of the immune response induced by the latter) and tislelizumab (with its theoretical advantage over other CPIs). In line with the changing treatment paradigms in LARC, in which high therapeutic efficacy translates into the possibility to avoid TME, the trial will have a novel primary endpoint of long-term unmaintained cCR, i.e. 3 year TME-free survival.

Detailed description

This is a prospective, multi-center, double arm, open-label, phase II randomized (1:1) controlled trial aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of TNT with or without tislelizumab in patients with primary, histologically proven LARC. All subjects will undergo a screening process, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria listed below. All subjects confirmed to be eligible will be randomized (1:1) into one of the two study arms, using an eCRF software. Patients in the investigational arm will be treated with 6 weeks of capecitabine-based CRT followed 4 weeks later by 16 weeks of CIMT with tislelizumab and mFOLFOX6, both given Q2W. Patients in the control arm will be treated with 6 weeks of capecitabine-based CRT followed 4 weeks later by 16 weeks of chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6, without tislelizumab, Q2W. Patients in both arms will be re-staged 8 weeks (+/-14 days) after the completion of therapy. Patients who will achieve cCR/near cCR will be closely followed by WW, and will undergo TME at any sign of local tumor regrowth. Patients in both arms with residual tumor, will undergo immediate TME. All patients will be followed according to current NCCN guidelines.The primary aim of the trial is to demonstrate that an approach of adding tislelizumab to the chemotherapy phase of the neoadjuvant treatment will increase the 3 year TME-free survival rate by \>20%, from 50% (based on the 53% 3 year TME-free survival rate in the OPRA trial) to 70% in patients with LARC.

Interventions

• Drug Tislelizumab
  During ChemoImmunotherapy: Patients in the investigational arm will receive 8 cycles of tislelizumab 150 mg IV on Day 1, followed by mFOLFOX6 (Q2W).
• Drug Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT)
  Patients will be treated with 6 weeks of capecitabine-based CRT followed 4 weeks later by 16 weeks of chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6, Q2W.

Primary outcome measures

• 3-year total mesorectal excision (TME) free survival rates [Time frame: Time from the date of registration to the date of TME or the first event of loco-regional failure, metastatic recurrence, the appearance of a secondary CRC or death from any cause. Assessed up to 36 months.]

Secondary outcome measures (5)

• 3 year TME-free survival rates of the CPS positive population [Time frame: Time from the date of registration to the date of TME or the first event of loco-regional failure, metastatic recurrence, the appearance of a secondary CRC or death from any cause. Assessed up to 36 months.]
• Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (Safety) [Time frame: Time from screening until the end of study drug administration, Immune-related AEs will be recorded up to 90 days (+7 days) after the last dose of tislelizumab. Assessed up to 11 months.]
• Disease-free survival (DFS) [Time frame: Time from the date of registration to the date of the first event of loco-regional failure, metastatic recurrence, the appearance of a secondary CRC or death from any cause, assessed up to 36 months]
• Overall survival (OS) [Time frame: The time interval between the day of registration and the date of death of any cause, assessed up 60 months.]
• Progression-free survival (PFS) [Time frame: The time from the date of registration to the date of the first objectively documented tumor progression, or death, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 60 months]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects with histologically confirmed primary (non-recurrent) LARC (tumor 12 cm or less from the anal verge, as assessed by rigid proctoscopy), stage T3-4 N0 or TX N+ according to base-line pelvic MRI and PET-CT.
• Patients who are planned for TNT and are surgical candidates as determined by the treating physician.
• No prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery for rectal cancer.
• No prior radiotherapy to the pelvis, for any reason.
• Able to provide the FFPE block or 10 unstained slides from the colonoscopy for confirmation of the diagnosis, CPS status and for investigational purposes.
• Age 18 years or more.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) < 2.
• Screening laboratory values must meet the following criteria (using CTCAEv5.0):

i) WBC > 2000/µL ii) Neutrophils > 1500/ µL iii) Platelets > 100 x 103/ µL iv) Hemoglobin > 9.0 g/dL v) Serum creatinine < 1.5 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min (using the Cockcroft Gault formula) vi) AST and ALT < 2.5 x ULN. vii) Total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN (total bilirubin must be < 3 x ULN for patients with Gilberts syndrome).

• Ability to swallow tablets.
• Adequate contraception in fertile patients; using a highly effective method of birth control for the duration of the study, and for at least 9 months after the last dose of chemotherapy and 120 days after the last dose of immunotherapy.
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 7 days prior to the start of treatment.
• Women must not be breastfeeding.
• Signed written IRB approved informed consent. This must be obtained before the performance of any protocol related procedure that are not part of normal subject care. Subjects must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatments, and laboratory testing.

Exclusion criteria

• Active or background history of an autoimmune disease except for type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism requiring hormone replacement only and skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment.
• Medical history of vasculitis.
• Prior organ transplant, including allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
• Grade > 1 peripheral sensory neuropathy.
• Prior treatment with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CD137, or anti- CTLA-4 antibody, or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co- stimulation or checkpoint pathways.
• Any prior active malignancy < 2 years before trial entry except for any locally recurring cancer that has been treated curatively (eg, resected basal or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast).
• Any serious or uncontrolled medical disorder or active infection that, in the opinion of the investigator, may increase the risk associated with study participation, study drug administration, or would impair the ability of the subject to receive protocol therapy.
• Known history of positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• Known acute hepatitis B, known chronic hepatitis B infection with active untreated disease, or known active hepatitis C infection. In participants with a history of HBV or HCV, participants with detectable viral loads will be excluded.

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

Germany · 1 center

• Johannes Gutenberg-University Clinic, Mainz, Germany 1.Dept. Medicine, Prof. Peter R. Gall — Mainz

Israel · 1 center

• Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital — Petah Tikva

Publications

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen DJ, Meester RGS, Barzi A, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017 May 6;67(3):177-193. doi: 10.3322/caac.21395. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PMID 28248415
• Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 Jan-Feb;74(1):12-49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21820. Epub 2024 Jan 17. PMID 38230766
• Bernier L, Balyasnikova S, Tait D, Brown G. Watch-and-Wait as a Therapeutic Strategy in Rectal Cancer. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep. 2018;14(2):37-55. doi: 10.1007/s11888-018-0398-5. Epub 2018 Mar 7. PMID 29576755
• Zhong X, Wu Z, Gao P, Shi J, Sun J, Guo Z, Wang Z, Song Y. The efficacy of adding targeted agents to neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2018 Mar;7(3):565-582. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1298. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID 29464874
• Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Proscurshim I, Nunes Dos Santos RM, Kiss D, Gama-Rodrigues J, Cecconello I. Interval between surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for distal rectal cancer: does delayed surgery have an impact on outcome? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 15;71(4):1181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.11.035. Epub 2008 Jan 30. PMID 18234443
• Garcia-Aguilar J, Chow OS, Smith DD, Marcet JE, Cataldo PA, Varma MG, Kumar AS, Oommen S, Coutsoftides T, Hunt SR, Stamos MJ, Ternent CA, Herzig DO, Fichera A, Polite BN, Dietz DW, Patil S, Avila K; Timing of Rectal Cancer Response to Chemoradiation Consortium. Effect of adding mFOLFOX6 after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. PMID 26187751
• Cercek A, Roxburgh CSD, Strombom P, Smith JJ, Temple LKF, Nash GM, Guillem JG, Paty PB, Yaeger R, Stadler ZK, Seier K, Gonen M, Segal NH, Reidy DL, Varghese A, Shia J, Vakiani E, Wu AJ, Crane CH, Gollub MJ, Garcia-Aguilar J, Saltz LB, Weiser MR. Adoption of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jun 14;4(6):e180071. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0071. Epub 201 PMID 29566109
• Conroy T, Bosset JF, Etienne PL, Rio E, Francois E, Mesgouez-Nebout N, Vendrely V, Artignan X, Bouche O, Gargot D, Boige V, Bonichon-Lamichhane N, Louvet C, Morand C, de la Fouchardiere C, Lamfichekh N, Juzyna B, Jouffroy-Zeller C, Rullier E, Marchal F, Gourgou S, Castan F, Borg C; Unicancer Gastrointestinal Group and Partenariat de Recherche en Oncologie Digestive (PRODIGE) Group. Neoadjuvant che PMID 33862000

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06940388 · TOTAL

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗