Enhancing Maternal Vaccine Knowledge and Uptake: The InTroDuce-Programme Trial
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- The protocol lists: Influenza and Tdap Vaccination Educational and Learning Module.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Vaccination Uptake, Knowledge, Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination, Influenza. Basic parameters: from 18 years · Female.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Malaysia
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Effectiveness of the Influenza and Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis) Vaccination Educational and Learning Module (InTroDuce-Programme) in Improving Knowledge and Future Uptake of Vaccination Among Pregnant Mothers in Primary Care Clinics: A Randomised Control Trial Secondary IDs
Overview
The goal of this InTroDuce-Programme interventional trial aims to test whether a web-based educational program can improve pregnant women's knowledge about Influenza and Tdap vaccinations and increase their intention to get vaccinated in the future. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the InTroDuce-Programme increase knowledge and future intention of pregnant mothers to get vaccinated against Influenza and Tdap? How does demographic factors, attitudes and barriers affect vaccination decisions among pregnant mothers? Researchers will compare InTroDuce-Programme to standard care (routine antenatal care) to see if InTroDuce-Programme works to improve knowledge and future intention of pregnant mothers to be vaccinated against Influenza and Tdap. Participants will: Receive the web-based educational module (InTroDuce-Programme), which covers the importance, safety, and effectiveness of vaccinations, as well as addressing common concerns. Be followed up one month after the intervention. Answer questionnaires before and after the intervention to measure changes in vaccination knowledge and future intention to get vaccinated
Detailed description
1.0 Background and Significance
Maternal vaccination is a crucial public health strategy to protect mothers and infants from infectious diseases like influenza and pertussis. Pregnant women face higher risks of complications due to physiological and immunological changes, with a fourfold increased likelihood of influenza-related hospitalization. Similarly, pertussis is particularly severe in infants under two months. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Health recommends influenza and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy, but uptake remains low due to safety concerns, limited provider recommendations, and access issues. Digital interventions, particularly video-based education, have shown promise in addressing vaccine hesitancy. To tackle these barriers, the InTroDuce-Programme, a comprehensive web-based educational module, has been developed to improve vaccination knowledge and uptake.
2.0 Objective
General objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the InTroDuce-Programme in improving knowledge and future uptake of influenza and Tdap vaccination among pregnant mothers.
Specific objectives:
1. To determine the sociodemographic factors and clinical variables among study population. 2. To determine the prevalence of future vaccination uptake following the InTroDuce-Programme. 3. To evaluate the level of participants' attitudes and barriers towards future vaccination uptake before and after the InTroDuce-Programme. 4. To determine the effectiveness of the InTroDuce-Programme in improving knowledge and future uptake of influenza and Tdap vaccination among pregnant mothers. 5. To determine the factors associated with low future uptake of vaccine with socio-demographic factors (age, race, income, education) among pregnant mothers.
3.0 Methodology
3.1 Study Design
This randomised controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in four primary care clinics in Hulu Langat district which are Klinik Kesihatan Kajang, Klinik Kesihatan Bangi, Klinik Kesihatan Batu 9 and Klinik Kesihatan Balakong. The study duration is 12 months, with recruitment over 6 months. A second follow-up will be conducted one month after providing the InTroDuce-Programme. Two clinics will be randomly assigned to administer the InTroDuce-Programme, while the other two will be provided with standard care, in order to minimise contamination.
Cluster definition based on urban and suburban classification Klinik Kesihatan Kajang and Klinik Kesihatan Bangi are classified as urban, while Klinik Kesihatan Batu 9 and Klinik Kesihatan Balakong are classified as suburban. These clinics were selected due to their geographic and demographic similarity, coupled with variability in socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and attitudinal factors. This selection ensures a balanced representation of diverse populations, enhancing the generalizability and applicability of the study findings. The approach is particularly valuable for comprehensively understanding the factors that influence vaccine knowledge and uptake among pregnant mothers.
Random Allocation of Clinics Random Assignment: One clinic from each category (urban and suburban) will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using an online random number generator. This method ensures unbiased allocation and maintains the balance of geographic representation in both groups.
The rationale for Randomization is to minimise contamination. Randomizing at the clinic level (cluster randomization) rather than at the individual level will help reduce the risk of contamination, where participants in the same clinic may share information or influence each other's behaviour. By assigning entire clinics to either intervention or control, the study ensures that participants within each clinic receive consistent and isolated exposure to the educational materials or standard care.
3.2 Sample Size
The sample size is 351 participants, accounting for a 20% non-response rate. This is based on expected uptake rates of 55% in the intervention group and 36% in the control group.
3.3 Data Collection
A validated, adapted questionnaire will be used in this study to assess vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, future uptake intentions, and factors influencing vaccination decisions.
3.4 Statistical Analysis
Primary Outcome: Knowledge improvement, analyzed via paired t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests.
Secondary Outcomes: Logistic regression for factors associated with low uptake intentions.
Interventions
- Behavioral Influenza and Tdap Vaccination Educational and Learning Module
Influenza and Tdap learning and educational module delivered via website. The module will cover importance of vaccination for both pregnant women and infant, safety and efficacy of the influenza and TdaP vaccines, timing of vaccination, and addressing common concerns and misconceptions.
Primary outcome measures
- Knowledge of Influenza and Tdap Vaccination [Time frame: 1 month post-intervention]
- Vaccination Future Uptake [Time frame: 1 month post-intervention]
Secondary outcome measures (1)
- Barriers to vaccination uptake [Time frame: 1 month post-intervention]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Pregnant women aged 18 years and older
- Before or equal to 32 weeks of gestation as we need to follow-up the patients again at 36 weeks of gestation before delivery occurs.
- Able to understand and consent to participation in the study.
Exclusion criteria
- Pregnant women with severe anaphylactic or allergic reactions to previous dose of influenza or Tdap vaccination.
- Non-Malaysian
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Model
- Parallel assignment
- Masking
- Open label
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
Study locations
Malaysia · 4 centers
- Klinik Kesihatan Bangi — Bandar Baru Bangi
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu 9 — Cheras
- Klinik Kesihatan Balakong — Cheras
- Klinik Kesihatan Kajang — Kajang
Publications
- O'Leary ST, Narwaney KJ, Wagner NM, Kraus CR, Omer SB, Glanz JM. Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention to Increase Uptake of Maternal Vaccines: An RCT. Am J Prev Med. 2019 Oct;57(4):e125-e133. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.018. Epub 2019 Aug 27. PMID 31471001
- Deverall EJ, Gilmore B, Illing S, Peiris-John R. Pertussis vaccination uptake in pregnancy: lessons to be learned from an integrated healthcare approach. N Z Med J. 2018 Apr 13;131(1473):42-47. PMID 29649195
- Dawood FS, Kittikraisak W, Patel A, Rentz Hunt D, Suntarattiwong P, Wesley MG, Thompson MG, Soto G, Mundhada S, Arriola CS, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Brummer T, Cabrera S, Chang HH, Deshmukh M, Ellison D, Florian R, Gonzales O, Kurhe K, Kaoiean S, Rawangban B, Lindstrom S, Llajaruna E, Mott JA, Saha S, Prakash A, Mohanty S, Sinthuwattanawibool C, Tinoco Y. Incidence of influenza during pregnancy and as PMID 33129424
- Hong EY, Kulkarni K, Gosavi A, Wong HC, Singh K, Kale AS. Assessment of knowledge and attitude towards influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and factors affecting vaccine uptake rates: a cross-sectional survey. Singapore Med J. 2023 Aug;64(8):513-516. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2021097. No abstract available. PMID 34544209
- Razai MS, Mansour R, Goldsmith L, Freeman S, Mason-Apps C, Ravindran P, Kooner P, Berendes S, Morris J, Majeed A, Ussher M, Hargreaves S, Oakeshott P. Interventions to increase vaccination against COVID-19, influenza and pertussis during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Travel Med. 2023 Dec 28;30(8):taad138. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taad138. PMID 37934788
- Kilich E, Dada S, Francis MR, Tazare J, Chico RM, Paterson P, Larson HJ. Factors that influence vaccination decision-making among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Jul 9;15(7):e0234827. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234827. eCollection 2020. PMID 32645112
- Racicot K, Mor G. Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy. J Clin Invest. 2017 May 1;127(5):1591-1599. doi: 10.1172/JCI87490. Epub 2017 May 1. PMID 28459427
- Arora M, Lakshmi R. Vaccines - safety in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021 Oct;76:23-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 19. PMID 33773923
Identifiers
NCT: NCT06815250 · InTroDuce-Programme