Investigating the Periodontal Status of Traditional and Heated Tobacco Product Users
For patients and families
In plain language
An automatic summary of structured registry data. It is an orientation aid, not a substitute for the official protocol or a physician assessment.
- What is being studied
- This is an observational study: the protocol does not assign a study treatment.
- Who it may be relevant to
- Registry conditions: Gingivitis and Periodontal Diseases. Basic parameters: from 18 years · All.
- What needs checking
- Age, condition and sex are only basic indicators. Prior treatment, laboratory values and other mandatory requirements appear in the eligibility criteria below.
- Where it takes place
- Hungary
- Next step
- Save the trial, show it to the treating physician, and confirm current recruitment with the study center. Costs, documents and travel →
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Official title
Investigating the Periodontal Status of Traditional and Heated Tobacco Product Users: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Overview
This cross-sectional observational study aims to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status, as well as gingival crevicular fluid volume, among cigarette smokers, heated-tobacco product users, and non-smokers. Specifically, the aim is to determine whether tobacco product users exhibit worse clinical parameters-such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, clinical attachment loss-along with greater radiographic bone loss and higher gingival crevicular fluid volume than non-smokers.
Detailed description
Smoking is one of the main risk factors of periodontitis and its harmful effects on periodontal health are now well known. Thanks to worldwide restrictions, the use of traditional cigarettes is declining, but new alternative tobacco products such as heated tobacco products (e.g. IQOS, glo) have appeared on the market. These devices are often perceived less harmful by consumers, but there are conflicting results in the literature regarding their health effects.
Only one study has assessed periodontal health in heated tobacco product users, but in this study all participants were former smokers. No studies have evaluated periodontal health in heated tobacco users without a history of smoking traditional cigarettes on a regular basis.
Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional observational study is to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume among cigarette-smokers, heated-tobacco product users and non-smokers.
The null hypothesis is that different tobacco product users have worse clinical and radiological periodontal parameters and higher GCF volume than non-smokers.
The study will be performed at the Department of Prosthodontics at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Patients will be enrolled from the patient material of the Department of Prosthodontics.
Primary outcome measures
- Marginal bone loss in mm ( MBL) [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
Secondary outcome measures (5)
- Full mouth plaque index (PI) [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
- Bleeding on Probing (BOP) [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
- Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
- Clinical attachment level (CAL) [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
- Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) volume in μL [Time frame: At baseline (first visit)]
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
- Smokers who smoke at least one cigarette daily for the past 12 months.
- Exclusive users of heated tobacco products (e.g., IQOS), using them at least once daily for the past 12 months and not regular traditional cigarette smokers.
- Non-smokers who have never consumed tobacco in any form.
Exclusion criteria
- Users of electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, waterpipes, or any other tobacco products.
- Dual users of tobacco products.
- Individuals diagnosed with systemic diseases.
- Edentulousness or severe tooth loss (fewer than 20 remaining teeth).
- Individuals who have taken antibiotics, steroids, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the past 90 days.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- History of periodontitis.
- Individuals refusing to sign the written informed consent form.
- Third molars are excluded from examination.
Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
Study locations
Hungary · 1 center
- Semmelweis University Department of Prosthodontics — Budapest
Identifiers
NCT: NCT06784817 · SE RKEB 131/2023