Endodontic Microsurgery

Official title

Endodontic Microsurgery With and Without Platelet-Rich Fibrin

Overview

Current literature on platelet rich fibrin (PRF) use in apicoectomies, also known as endodontic microsurgery, is sparse. PRF use in oral surgery or periodontal surgery has been more thoroughly researched. Whether it is able to reduce post-op pain or if it improves success rate in endodontic microsurgery is not well known. It is also not well known if it will be able to increase the rate of healing. This study will evaluate the success of endodontic microsurgery with and without PRF.

Detailed description

Periradicular surgery is an endodontic procedure comprising of surgical access to the periapical area to perform direct periradicular curettage, root-end resection, root-end preparation and filling. In situations where the outcome of primary root canal treatment is not sufficient, nonsurgical retreatment is considered the option of choice. Surgical endodontic treatment is usually employed to manage apical periodontitis when the orthograde approach (root canal treatment or retreatment) to the apical root anatomy (and infection) is irretrievably obstructed.

However, If the existing root canal anatomy cannot be successfully explored and instrumented with the radiographic presence of apical periodontitis, nonsurgical retreatment has been reported to be as low as low as 40%. In addition, a variety of tooth-related factors may necessitate surgical retreatment, including complicated root canal anatomy, the pathophysiology of the apical pathosis, extreme root curvatures, severe root canal alterations caused during treatment, non-removable root filling materials, existing posts at great risk for retreatment, and root fractures as well as perforations, resorptions, or root fractures. Furthermore, a surgical approach may be indicated when the periradicular tissues require direct visualization, debridement, excision, biopsy or management due to biomechanical failures.

Yan et al. found that the use of concentrated growth factors may influence the outcome of endodontic microsurgery. A systematic review by Mehta found that the use of platelet aggregates, such as PRF gave a favorable effect on the healing of apico-marginal defects, the research suggests that more studies are needed on the healing outcomes of endodontic microsurgery with PRF.

PRF has been widely used in regenerative dentistry, periodontics, and oral surgery with varying degrees of success. It is made through centrifugation of peripheral blood with the resulting centrifuged product is a solid fibrin clot sandwiched between the supernatant and blood cells. The matrix of the solid fibrin clot is a matrix consisting of platelets, leukocytes, a variety of growth factors, and cytokines as well as high biocompatibility due to its autologous source.

In this study patients will receive endodontic microsurgery with one group having the osteotomy filled with PRF prior to closure and another group having surgery completed without the use of PRF. Healing will be evaluated through a series of follow up exams, limited field of view cone beam computed tomography, and periapical radiographs. Additionally, patients will be asked to completed a visual analog scale post surgery for 7 days to track the patients pain response.

Interventions

• Biological Platelet rich fibrin
  Platelet rich fibrin will be used to fill an osteotomy after endodontic microsurgery is completed.

Primary outcome measures

• Change in bone deposition using voxel-based imposition [Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months]

Secondary outcome measures (1)

• Healing outcome assessed using clinical and radiographic findings [Time frame: 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Maxillary or Mandibular Anterior teeth and premolars #4-13 and #20-29 with a history of failing RCT and a periapical radiolucency will be accepted

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with vertical root fractures
• Patients with non-restorable teeth
• Patients with class 3 mobility
• Pregnant
• Smoker
• Systematic disease contraindicating surgery

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Single blind

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

United States · 1 center

• University of Kentucky College of Dentistry Endodontics Division — Lexington

Publications

• Miron RJ, Moraschini V, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Zhang Y, Kawase T, Cosgarea R, Jepsen S, Bishara M, Canullo L, Shirakata Y, Gruber R, Ferenc D, Calasans-Maia MD, Wang HL, Sculean A. Use of platelet-rich fibrin for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 May;25(5):2461-2478. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-03825-8. Epub 2021 Feb 20. PMID 33609186
• Fan Y, Perez K, Dym H. Clinical Uses of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Dent Clin North Am. 2020 Apr;64(2):291-303. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 3. PMID 32111269
• Mehta N, Gupta A, Aggarwal V, Abraham D, Singh A. Effect of autologous platelet aggregates on the healing outcome of periapical surgery for the management of apicomarginal defects: A systematic review. Saudi Endodontic Journal. 2020 Sep 1;10(3):187- DOI:10.4103/sej.sej_146_19
• Yan L, Lin J, Yang L, He S, Tan X, Huang D. Clinical Effect Evaluation of Concentrated Growth Factor in Endodontic Microsurgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Endod. 2023 Jul;49(7):836-845. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.005. Epub 2023 May 12. PMID 37182792
• Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M. Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2011 Aug;37(8):1039-45. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.016. PMID 21763891
• Pinto D, Marques A, Pereira JF, Palma PJ, Santos JM. Long-Term Prognosis of Endodontic Microsurgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Sep 3;56(9):447. doi: 10.3390/medicina56090447. PMID 32899437
• Torabinejad M, Corr R, Handysides R, Shabahang S. Outcomes of nonsurgical retreatment and endodontic surgery: a systematic review. J Endod. 2009 Jul;35(7):930-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.023. PMID 19567310
• Rud J, Andreasen JO, Jensen JE. Radiographic criteria for the assessment of healing after endodontic surgery. Int J Oral Surg. 1972;1(4):195-214. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9785(72)80013-9. No abstract available. PMID 4199168

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06776289 · 95694

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗