Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Non-metastasized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Official title

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Non-metastasized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: a Randomized Phase II Study

Overview

This is a multicenter randomized phase II trial that aims to include 160 patients with a non-metastatic (localized), inoperable pancreatic tumor. The study will take place at multiple centers across Europe. The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate superiority in progression free survival (PFS) by adding stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to chemotherapy for patients with an inoperable non-metastasized pancreatic tumor. SBRT is a radiotherapy technique (i.e. destroying cancer cells by means of ionizing irradiation) in which tumors can be irradiated with a high radiation dose. Surrounding healthy tissue is thus spared to the maximum extent. The primary endpoint of the TORPEDO study is 2-year PFS defined as the percentage of patients who are free of disease progression at 110 weeks after the date when the patients were drawn into 2 treatment groups (i.e. randomization). Secondary outcomes are, among others, quality of life, acute and late toxicity (i.e. adverse events), metastasis-free survival, local progression-free survival, overall survival, subsequent resectability, R0 resection and surgical morbidity. During the study, patients without disease progression after 3 months of induction chemotherapy will be randomized 1:1 to either treatment with chemotherapy or treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and SBRT (5 x 8 Gy). After randomization, ten-weekly follow-up visits will occur during two years to evaluate the quality of life, general blood parameters and general health condition of the patient. Moreover, toxicity will be evaluated as well as efficiency and safety of the treatment (e.g. by means of imaging). At any time during this follow-up period, imaging (CT scan, MRI scan) will be used to determine whether surgery can still be performed to improve patient survival.

Detailed description

The occurrence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in Belgium. Although this type of cancer is severe, there are only a limited number of treatment options. The preferred treatment is usually surgery. However, this is only possible in certain circumstances. If surgery is not possible, chemotherapy is administered to improve survival. A combination of chemotherapy and SBRT followed by surgery if possible has already been used in some studies and will be investigated in a larger number of subjects with the TORPEDO study.

A patient needs to sign an informed consent form before participating in the TORPEDO study. Participation in the TORPEDO study consists of the following phases: screening, induction chemotherapy, restaging and randomization, treatment and a follow-up phase (during which resectability is multidisciplinary evaluated at any time).

During the screening phase, eligibility of the patient to participate in the study will be assessed. Demographics data, information regarding medical history, prior medications and adverse events will be recorded. Moreover, a clinical assessment, blood tests to assess general blood parameters, a CT chest/abdomen and MRI pancreas will be performed. Eligible patients (according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria) will receive induction chemotherapy (standard of care) during 12 weeks. Either 6 cycles of mFOLFIRINOX or 3 cycles of gemcitabine / nab-paclitaxel will be administered. If at the end of 12 weeks of induction chemotherapy (restaging), CT chest/abdomen and MRI pancreas do not show extrapancreatic disease, in absence of massive gastric or intestinal invasion and if there is no known presence of an active ulcer, subjects will be randomized 1:1 to either treatment with chemotherapy (arm A) or treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and SBRT (5 x 8 Gy) (arm B).

Participants in arm A will be further treated with chemotherapy. Participants in arm B will be treated with an additional 4 weeks of chemotherapy (either 2 cycles of mFOLFIRINOX or 1 cycle of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel) before they proceed to SBRT (5 fractions of 8 Gy), preferably followed by further chemotherapy. A maximal total duration of 24 weeks of chemotherapy (including induction chemotherapy) will be administered for all patients in arm B (SBRT-arm) and for patients in arm A undergoing R0/R1 resection. Duration of chemotherapy for patients in arm A not undergoing R0/R1 resection is left at the discretion of the treating physician.

The follow-up phase consists of ten-weekly follow-up visits during 110 weeks (+/- 1 week). These follow-up visits consist of a clinical assessment, CT chest/abdomen imaging (and MRI pancreas during the first follow-up visit), blood sampling, elicitation of AE's and assessment of the subject's quality of life through questionnaires. After these 110 weeks, patients will be followed by standard of care, six monthly during the following 3 years. After five years, patients will be followed on a yearly basis (standard of care). Follow-up data (survival status) will be collected.

Interventions

• Radiation Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
  SBRT (5 x 8 Gy)
• Drug Chemotherapy
  Standard of care: mFOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel

Primary outcome measures

• 2-year progression-free survival [Time frame: From randomization until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after the date of randomization, assessed up to 110 weeks (+/- 1 week).]

Secondary outcome measures (12)

• Metastasis-free survival (MFS) [Time frame: Measured from the date of randomization to time of distant metastasis, assessed up to 110 weeks (+/- 1 week)]
• Local progression-free survival (LPFS) [Time frame: Measured from the date of randomization to locoregional progression, assessed up to 110 weeks (+/- 1 week).]
• Overall survival (OS) [Time frame: Measured from the date of randomization to the date of death or last known follow-up date, assessed up to 6 years]
• R0 resection rate [Time frame: Measured at the moment surgery took place (if surgery took place)]
• Acute and late toxicity [Time frame: From signing ICF until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization, assessed up to approximately 2.5 years]
• Subsequent resectability [Time frame: At any time during follow-up (i.e. at any time during 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization)]
• Surgical morbidity [Time frame: Measured from randomization on until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization]
• Correlation between doses to organs at risk (OARs) and gastrointestinal toxicity [Time frame: Only applicable in case of arm B: From simulation until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization, assessed up to 110 weeks (+/- 1 week)]
• Correlation between planning target volume (PTV) coverage and delivered dose with local control, PFS and OS [Time frame: Only applicable in case of arm B: From simulation until the end of follow-up, assessed up to 6 years.]
• Quality of life measurement by EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire (specific functional dimensions / symptom items / single items) [Time frame: From the start of induction chemotherapy until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization, i.e. at following points: start induction chemotherapy, restaging, first and last SBRT fraction (arm B only), every 10-weekly follow-up visit.]
• Quality of life measurement by EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire (overall health/overall quality of life) [Time frame: From the start of induction chemotherapy until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization, i.e. at following points: start induction chemotherapy, restaging, first and last SBRT fraction (arm B only), every 10-weekly follow-up visit.]
• Quality of life measurement by EORTC QLQ-PAN26 questionnaire [Time frame: From the start of induction chemotherapy until 110 weeks (+/- 1 week) after randomization, i.e. at following points: start induction chemotherapy, restaging, first and last SBRT fraction (arm B only), every 10-weekly follow-up visit.]

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Participant must be over 18 years of age.
• Participant is able and willing to provide written informed consent which includes compliance with and ability to undergo all study procedures and attend the scheduled follow-up visits per protocol.
• Either locally advanced or borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as confirmed by diagnostic images (CT, MRI or PET-CT scan) and based on vessel involvement according to the NCCN guidelines. Only borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) patients who are medically unfit for surgery or refusing surgery can be included.
• Adequate organ function determined by the following laboratory values:

• Adequate bone marrow function: absolute neutrophil count ≥1500/mm\^3, platelet count ≥100000/mm\^3 and hemoglobin ≥9 g/dl
• Adequate renal function: Creatinine ≤1.5 x upper normal limit of normal (ULN) or estimated eGFR more than 45 ml/min
• Adequate liver function: total bilirubin ≤1.5 ULN (after adequate biliairy stenting with metal stent) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤5x ULN
• An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status grade of 0-2.
• A life expectancy ≥3 months
• A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and one of the following conditions applies:

• Is not a woman of child bearing potential or
• A woman of child bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and must use a very effective method of birth control.

Exclusion criteria

• Extrapancreatic metastatic disease as defined on diagnostic imaging (CT, MRI or PET-CT scan) or laparoscopy, including distal nodal involvement beyond the peripancreatic tissues and/or distant metastases.
• Massive gastric or intestinal invasion as assessed on imaging and/or endoscopy. Direct invasion of the duodenal mucosa as visible on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).
• Prior radiation therapy that could hamper adequate dose delivery
• Contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Diagnosis of another malignancy within 2 years prior to randomization, except non-melanoma skin cancer, non-invasive bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or non-metastatic prostate cancer. Patients with a history of other malignancies are eligible if they have been continuously disease-free for at least 2 years after definitive primary treatment.
• Any condition for which, in the opinion of the Investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the subject.
• Patient already included in another clinical trial that would interfere with the TORPEDO clinical trial, as assessed by the Investigator.
• Known presence of an active ulcer (i.e. detected during standard of care diagnostic assessments)

Additional exclusion criteria after restaging (i.e. within 1 week after 3 months of induction chemotherapy) and prior to randomization:

• Extrapancreatic metastatic disease as defined on diagnostic imaging, including distal nodal involvement beyond the peripancreatic tissues and/or distant metastases
• Massive gastric or intestinal invasion as assessed on imaging and/or endoscopy. Direct invasion of the duodenal mucosa as visible on EUS.
• Known presence of an active ulcer (i.e. detected during standard of care diagnostic assessments)

Criteria are shown verbatim from the registry (in English). Final eligibility is always assessed by the study center.

Healthy volunteers: No

Study design

Allocation

Randomized

Model

Parallel assignment

Masking

Open label

Primary purpose

Treatment

Study locations

Belgium · 9 centers

• UZA — Edegem
• ZAS Augustinus — Wilrijk
• AZ Klina — Brasschaat
• AZ Sint-Jan — Bruges
• ZOL — Genk
• Jessa ziekenhuis — Hasselt
• AZ Groeninge — Kortrijk
• AZ Delta — Roeselare
• … and 1 more center

Publications

• Stas D, Vandamme T, Roeyen G, Reynders D, Demey W, Stellamans K, Bussels B, Hutsebaut I, Maurissen I, Bouchart C, Berbee M, Lallemand F, Poels H, Thomas M, Cuyle PJ, Bulens P, Verboven K, Martens M, Weytjens R, Joye I. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable non-metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomised phase II study (TORPEDO). BMC Cancer. 2025 Oct 30;25(1):1671. doi: 10.118 PMID 41168707

Identifiers

NCT: NCT06691425 · CTO22014GZA

Primary sources (government registries)

• ClinicalTrials.gov (US NIH)

View this study on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗